library("janitor")
## 
## Attaching package: 'janitor'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     chisq.test, fisher.test
library("here")
## here() starts at C:/Users/mario/Desktop/Coursework2021
library("tidyverse")
## -- Attaching packages --------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.3.1 --
## v ggplot2 3.3.5     v purrr   0.3.4
## v tibble  3.1.4     v dplyr   1.0.7
## v tidyr   1.1.4     v stringr 1.4.0
## v readr   2.0.2     v forcats 0.5.1
## -- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
library("lubridate")
## 
## Attaching package: 'lubridate'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     date, intersect, setdiff, union
library("ggrepel")
library("gapminder")
library("RColorBrewer")
library("readxl")

#Question 1a

read_lines(file = here("data","nasa_global_temperature.txt"), n_max = 8L )       #read the first 8 lines of txt
## [1] "Land-Ocean Temperature Index (C)" "--------------------------------"
## [3] ""                                 "Year No_Smoothing  Lowess(5)"    
## [5] "----------------------------"     "1880     -0.16     -0.09"        
## [7] "1881     -0.08     -0.12"         "1882     -0.10     -0.16"
df <- read_table(here("data","nasa_global_temperature.txt"), skip = 3,)          #import data and skip the first 3 lines
## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   Year = col_character(),
##   No_Smoothing = col_double(),
##   `Lowess(5)` = col_double()
## )
## Warning: 1 parsing failure.
## row col  expected    actual                                                                     file
##   1  -- 3 columns 1 columns 'C:/Users/mario/Desktop/Coursework2021/data/nasa_global_temperature.txt'
df
nasa_temp <- df%>%                                     #save the name of the tibble
  select(c("Year", "No_Smoothing")) %>%                #select the two columns
  rename(date = Year) %>%                              #rename year as date
  rename(temp = No_Smoothing)%>%                       #rename No_smoothing as temp
  mutate(date = parse_date(date, format = "%Y")) %>%   #create a new column, turn "date" into date and shows only the year
  remove_empty()                                       #remove columns and rows that has NAs 
## value for "which" not specified, defaulting to c("rows", "cols")
## Warning: 1 parsing failure.
## row col     expected                       actual
##   1  -- date like %Y ----------------------------
ggplot() +                                             #create a plot
  layer (
    data = nasa_temp,                                  #use the data from nasa_temp
    geom = "line",                                     #the type of plot is line graph
    mapping = aes(x = date, y = temp),                 #specifies the data that we use in each axes
    stat = "identity",                                 #no further transformation
    position = "identity"                              #position adjustment
  )

#Question 1b

read_lines(file = here("data","nasa_arctic_sea_ice.csv"), n_max = 5L )           #read the first 5 lines of csv
## [1] "year; mo;    data-type; region; extent;   area"
## [2] "1979;  9;      Goddard;      N;   7,05;   4,58"
## [3] "1980;  9;      Goddard;      N;   7,67;   4,87"
## [4] "1981;  9;      Goddard;      N;   7,14;   4,44"
## [5] "1982;  9;      Goddard;      N;   7,30;   4,43"
df1 <- read_csv2(here("data","nasa_arctic_sea_ice.csv"))                         #import the data 
## i Using "','" as decimal and "'.'" as grouping mark. Use `read_delim()` for more control.
## Rows: 42 Columns: 6
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ";"
## chr (2): data-type, region
## dbl (4): year, mo, extent, area
## 
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
df1
nasa_ice <- df1 %>%                                   #save the name of the tibble
  select(c(year, extent)) %>%                         #select the two columns
  rename(date = year) %>%                             #rename year as date
  rename(ice = extent) %>%                            #rename the extent as ice
  mutate(date = as.character(date)) %>%               #create a new column, turn "date" into character
  mutate(date = parse_date(date, format = "%Y")) %>%  #turn "date" into date
  remove_empty()                                      #remove columns and rows that has NAs 
## value for "which" not specified, defaulting to c("rows", "cols")
ggplot() +                                            #create a plot
  layer (      
    data = nasa_ice,                                  #use the data from nasa_ice
    geom = "line",                                    #the type of plot is line graph
    mapping = aes(x = date, y = ice),                 #specifies the data that we use in each axes                 
    stat = "identity",                                #no further transformation
    position = "identity"                             #position adjustment
  )

#Question 1c

read_lines(file = here("data","nasa_sea_level.csv"), n_max = 15)                  #read the first 15 lines of csv
##  [1] "HDR Global Mean Sea Level Data"                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
##  [2] "HDR"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
##  [3] "HDR This file contains Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) variations computed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under the "                                                                                                                                  
##  [4] "HDR auspices of the NASA Sea Level Change program. The GMSL was generated using the Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Data for "                                                                                                                      
##  [5] "HDR Climate Research (http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/MERGED_TP_J1_OSTM_OST_ALL_V5). It combines Sea Surface Heights from "                                                                                                                               
##  [6] "HDR TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, OSTM/Jason-2, and Jason-3 to a common terrestrial reference frame with all inter-mission biases, range and "                                                                                                                    
##  [7] "HDR geophysical corrections applied and placed onto a georeferenced orbit. This creates a consistent data record throughout "                                                                                                                                
##  [8] "HDR time, regardless of the instrument used."                                                                                                                                                                                                                
##  [9] "HDR"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
## [10] "HDR The data can be found below. A separate figure file, Global_Sea_Level_Graph, was generated using the GMSL data (listed in "                                                                                                                              
## [11] "HDR column 12 below) with the 60-day Gaussian type filter and having the Global Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) applied, with annual "                                                                                                                            
## [12] "HDR and semi-annual signals removed."                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
## [13] "HDR"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
## [14] "HDR If you use these data please cite:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
## [15] "HDR GSFC. 2020. Global Mean Sea Level Trend from Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeters TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, OSTM/Jason-2, and Jason-3 Version 5.0 Ver. 5.0 PO.DAAC, CA, USA. Dataset accessed [YYYY-MM-DD] at http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/GMSLM-TJ150."
df2 <- read_table(here("data","nasa_sea_level.csv"), skip = 48,col_names = FALSE)  #import the data with new column names and skip the first 48 lines
## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   X1 = col_double(),
##   X2 = col_double(),
##   X3 = col_double(),
##   X4 = col_double(),
##   X5 = col_double(),
##   X6 = col_double(),
##   X7 = col_double(),
##   X8 = col_double(),
##   X9 = col_double(),
##   X10 = col_double(),
##   X11 = col_double(),
##   X12 = col_double()
## )
df2
glimpse(df2)                                         #rotate the table
## Rows: 1,048
## Columns: 12
## $ X1  <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 999, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 999,~
## $ X2  <dbl> 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27~
## $ X3  <dbl> 1993.012, 1993.039, 1993.066, 1993.093, 1993.120, 1993.147, 1993.1~
## $ X4  <dbl> 452600, 447591, 459462, 410064, 446813, 405085, 455531, 453661, 44~
## $ X5  <dbl> 327401.3, 324498.4, 333018.2, 297483.2, 321635.8, 291945.9, 327830~
## $ X6  <dbl> -38.59, -41.97, -41.93, -42.67, -37.86, -36.09, -36.11, -35.52, -3~
## $ X7  <dbl> 89.86, 90.86, 87.27, 90.75, 90.26, 89.99, 88.74, 89.49, 88.79, 98.~
## $ X8  <dbl> -38.76, -39.78, -39.62, -39.67, -38.75, -37.71, -36.85, -36.32, -3~
## $ X9  <dbl> -38.59, -41.97, -41.91, -42.65, -37.83, -36.05, -36.06, -35.47, -3~
## $ X10 <dbl> 89.86, 90.86, 87.27, 90.74, 90.25, 89.99, 88.74, 89.49, 88.78, 98.~
## $ X11 <dbl> -38.75, -39.77, -39.61, -39.64, -38.72, -37.67, -36.81, -36.27, -3~
## $ X12 <dbl> -38.57, -39.11, -38.58, -38.34, -37.21, -35.98, -34.94, -34.19, -3~
nasa_sea <- df2 %>%                                  #save the name of the tibble
  rename(date = X3) %>%                              #rename X13 as date
  rename(sea = X12) %>%                              #rename X12 as sea
  select(c(date,sea)) %>%                            #select columns sea and date

  mutate(date = date_decimal(date, tz = "UTC")) %>%  #create a column and convert a decimal to date 
  mutate(date = date(date))                          #turn date as date
  

ggplot() +                                       #create a plot
  layer (
    data = nasa_sea,                             #use the data from nasa_sea
    geom = "line",                               #the type of plot is line graph
    mapping = aes(x = date, y = sea),            #specifies the data that we use in each axes
    stat = "identity",                           #no further transformation
    position = "identity"                        #position adjustment
  )

#Question 1d

read_lines(file = here("data","nasa_carbon_dioxide.txt"), n_max = 200L )          #read the first 15 lines of csv
##   [1] "# --------------------------------------------------------------------"            
##   [2] "# USE OF NOAA GML DATA"                                                            
##   [3] "# "                                                                                
##   [4] "# These data are made freely available to the public and the"                      
##   [5] "# scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination"                
##   [6] "# will lead to greater understanding and new scientific insights."                 
##   [7] "# The availability of these data does not constitute publication"                  
##   [8] "# of the data.  NOAA relies on the ethics and integrity of the user to"            
##   [9] "# ensure that GML receives fair credit for their work.  If the data "              
##  [10] "# are obtained for potential use in a publication or presentation, "               
##  [11] "# GML should be informed at the outset of the nature of this work.  "              
##  [12] "# If the GML data are essential to the work, or if an important "                  
##  [13] "# result or conclusion depends on the GML data, co-authorship"                     
##  [14] "# may be appropriate.  This should be discussed at an early stage in"              
##  [15] "# the work.  Manuscripts using the GML data should be sent to GML"                 
##  [16] "# for review before they are submitted for publication so we can"                  
##  [17] "# ensure that the quality and limitations of the data are accurately"              
##  [18] "# represented."                                                                    
##  [19] "# "                                                                                
##  [20] "# Contact:   Pieter Tans (303 497 6678; pieter.tans@noaa.gov)"                     
##  [21] "# "                                                                                
##  [22] "# File Creation:  Tue Sep  7 11:58:43 2021"                                        
##  [23] "# "                                                                                
##  [24] "# RECIPROCITY"                                                                     
##  [25] "# "                                                                                
##  [26] "# Use of these data implies an agreement to reciprocate."                          
##  [27] "# Laboratories making similar measurements agree to make their"                    
##  [28] "# own data available to the general public and to the scientific"                  
##  [29] "# community in an equally complete and easily accessible form."                    
##  [30] "# Modelers are encouraged to make available to the community,"                     
##  [31] "# upon request, their own tools used in the interpretation"                        
##  [32] "# of the GML data, namely well documented model code, transport"                   
##  [33] "# fields, and additional information necessary for other"                          
##  [34] "# scientists to repeat the work and to run modified versions."                     
##  [35] "# Model availability includes collaborative support for new"                       
##  [36] "# users of the models."                                                            
##  [37] "# --------------------------------------------------------------------"            
##  [38] "#  "                                                                               
##  [39] "#  "                                                                               
##  [40] "# See www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ for additional details."                  
##  [41] "#  "                                                                               
##  [42] "# Data from March 1958 through April 1974 have been obtained by C. David Keeling"  
##  [43] "# of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and were obtained from the"     
##  [44] "# Scripps website (scrippsco2.ucsd.edu)."                                          
##  [45] "# Monthly mean CO2 constructed from daily mean values"                             
##  [46] "# Scripps data downloaded from http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2"    
##  [47] "# Monthly values are corrected to center of month based on average seasonal"       
##  [48] "# cycle. Missing days can be asymmetric which would produce a high or low bias."   
##  [49] "# Missing months have been interpolated, for NOAA data indicated by negative stdev"
##  [50] "# and uncertainty. We have no information for SIO data about Ndays, stdv, unc"     
##  [51] "# so that they are also indicated by negative numbers"                             
##  [52] "#            decimal       monthly    de-season  #days  st.dev  unc. of"           
##  [53] "#             date         average     alized          of days  mon mean"          
##  [54] " 1958    3   1958.2027      315.70      314.43     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [55] " 1958    4   1958.2877      317.45      315.16     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [56] " 1958    5   1958.3699      317.51      314.71     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [57] " 1958    6   1958.4548      317.24      315.14     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [58] " 1958    7   1958.5370      315.86      315.18     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [59] " 1958    8   1958.6219      314.93      316.18     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [60] " 1958    9   1958.7068      313.20      316.08     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [61] " 1958   10   1958.7890      312.43      315.41     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [62] " 1958   11   1958.8740      313.33      315.20     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [63] " 1958   12   1958.9562      314.67      315.43     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [64] " 1959    1   1959.0411      315.58      315.55     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [65] " 1959    2   1959.1260      316.48      315.86     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [66] " 1959    3   1959.2027      316.65      315.38     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [67] " 1959    4   1959.2877      317.72      315.41     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [68] " 1959    5   1959.3699      318.29      315.49     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [69] " 1959    6   1959.4548      318.15      316.03     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [70] " 1959    7   1959.5370      316.54      315.86     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [71] " 1959    8   1959.6219      314.80      316.06     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [72] " 1959    9   1959.7068      313.84      316.73     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [73] " 1959   10   1959.7890      313.33      316.33     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [74] " 1959   11   1959.8740      314.81      316.68     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [75] " 1959   12   1959.9562      315.58      316.35     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [76] " 1960    1   1960.0410      316.43      316.40     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [77] " 1960    2   1960.1257      316.98      316.36     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [78] " 1960    3   1960.2049      317.58      316.28     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [79] " 1960    4   1960.2896      319.03      316.70     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [80] " 1960    5   1960.3716      320.04      317.22     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [81] " 1960    6   1960.4563      319.59      317.47     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [82] " 1960    7   1960.5383      318.18      317.52     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [83] " 1960    8   1960.6230      315.90      317.19     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [84] " 1960    9   1960.7077      314.17      317.08     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [85] " 1960   10   1960.7896      313.83      316.83     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [86] " 1960   11   1960.8743      315.00      316.88     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [87] " 1960   12   1960.9563      316.19      316.96     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [88] " 1961    1   1961.0411      316.89      316.86     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [89] " 1961    2   1961.1260      317.70      317.08     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [90] " 1961    3   1961.2027      318.54      317.26     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [91] " 1961    4   1961.2877      319.48      317.16     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [92] " 1961    5   1961.3699      320.58      317.76     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [93] " 1961    6   1961.4548      319.77      317.63     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [94] " 1961    7   1961.5370      318.57      317.88     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [95] " 1961    8   1961.6219      316.79      318.06     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [96] " 1961    9   1961.7068      314.99      317.90     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [97] " 1961   10   1961.7890      315.31      318.32     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [98] " 1961   11   1961.8740      316.10      317.99     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
##  [99] " 1961   12   1961.9562      317.01      317.79     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [100] " 1962    1   1962.0411      317.94      317.91     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [101] " 1962    2   1962.1260      318.55      317.92     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [102] " 1962    3   1962.2027      319.68      318.39     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [103] " 1962    4   1962.2877      320.57      318.24     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [104] " 1962    5   1962.3699      321.02      318.18     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [105] " 1962    6   1962.4548      320.62      318.47     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [106] " 1962    7   1962.5370      319.61      318.92     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [107] " 1962    8   1962.6219      317.40      318.68     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [108] " 1962    9   1962.7068      316.25      319.17     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [109] " 1962   10   1962.7890      315.42      318.45     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [110] " 1962   11   1962.8740      316.69      318.58     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [111] " 1962   12   1962.9562      317.70      318.47     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [112] " 1963    1   1963.0411      318.74      318.70     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [113] " 1963    2   1963.1260      319.07      318.44     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [114] " 1963    3   1963.2027      319.86      318.57     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [115] " 1963    4   1963.2877      321.38      319.05     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [116] " 1963    5   1963.3699      322.25      319.40     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [117] " 1963    6   1963.4548      321.48      319.32     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [118] " 1963    7   1963.5370      319.74      319.05     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [119] " 1963    8   1963.6219      317.77      319.05     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [120] " 1963    9   1963.7068      316.21      319.14     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [121] " 1963   10   1963.7890      315.99      319.02     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [122] " 1963   11   1963.8740      317.07      318.97     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [123] " 1963   12   1963.9562      318.35      319.13     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [124] " 1964    1   1964.0410      319.57      319.54     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [125] " 1964    2   1964.1257      320.01      319.37     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [126] " 1964    3   1964.2049      320.74      319.41     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [127] " 1964    4   1964.2896      321.84      319.45     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [128] " 1964    5   1964.3716      322.26      319.40     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [129] " 1964    6   1964.4563      321.89      319.75     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [130] " 1964    7   1964.5383      320.44      319.77     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [131] " 1964    8   1964.6230      318.69      320.00     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [132] " 1964    9   1964.7077      316.70      319.66     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [133] " 1964   10   1964.7896      316.87      319.91     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [134] " 1964   11   1964.8743      317.68      319.58     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [135] " 1964   12   1964.9563      318.71      319.49     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [136] " 1965    1   1965.0411      319.44      319.40     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [137] " 1965    2   1965.1260      320.44      319.81     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [138] " 1965    3   1965.2027      320.89      319.59     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [139] " 1965    4   1965.2877      322.14      319.78     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [140] " 1965    5   1965.3699      322.17      319.30     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [141] " 1965    6   1965.4548      321.87      319.70     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [142] " 1965    7   1965.5370      321.21      320.51     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [143] " 1965    8   1965.6219      318.87      320.15     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [144] " 1965    9   1965.7068      317.81      320.77     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [145] " 1965   10   1965.7890      317.30      320.36     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [146] " 1965   11   1965.8740      318.87      320.78     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [147] " 1965   12   1965.9562      319.42      320.20     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [148] " 1966    1   1966.0411      320.62      320.59     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [149] " 1966    2   1966.1260      321.60      320.96     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [150] " 1966    3   1966.2027      322.39      321.08     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [151] " 1966    4   1966.2877      323.70      321.34     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [152] " 1966    5   1966.3699      324.08      321.20     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [153] " 1966    6   1966.4548      323.75      321.57     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [154] " 1966    7   1966.5370      322.38      321.68     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [155] " 1966    8   1966.6219      320.36      321.65     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [156] " 1966    9   1966.7068      318.64      321.60     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [157] " 1966   10   1966.7890      318.10      321.17     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [158] " 1966   11   1966.8740      319.78      321.70     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [159] " 1966   12   1966.9562      321.03      321.81     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [160] " 1967    1   1967.0411      322.33      322.29     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [161] " 1967    2   1967.1260      322.50      321.86     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [162] " 1967    3   1967.2027      323.04      321.73     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [163] " 1967    4   1967.2877      324.42      322.04     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [164] " 1967    5   1967.3699      325.00      322.12     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [165] " 1967    6   1967.4548      324.09      321.91     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [166] " 1967    7   1967.5370      322.54      321.84     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [167] " 1967    8   1967.6219      320.92      322.21     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [168] " 1967    9   1967.7068      319.25      322.23     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [169] " 1967   10   1967.7890      319.39      322.47     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [170] " 1967   11   1967.8740      320.73      322.65     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [171] " 1967   12   1967.9562      321.96      322.75     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [172] " 1968    1   1968.0410      322.57      322.54     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [173] " 1968    2   1968.1257      323.15      322.51     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [174] " 1968    3   1968.2049      323.89      322.55     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [175] " 1968    4   1968.2896      325.02      322.62     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [176] " 1968    5   1968.3716      325.57      322.68     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [177] " 1968    6   1968.4563      325.36      323.19     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [178] " 1968    7   1968.5383      324.14      323.46     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [179] " 1968    8   1968.6230      322.11      323.43     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [180] " 1968    9   1968.7077      320.33      323.32     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [181] " 1968   10   1968.7896      320.25      323.33     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [182] " 1968   11   1968.8743      321.32      323.25     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [183] " 1968   12   1968.9563      322.89      323.69     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [184] " 1969    1   1969.0411      324.00      323.97     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [185] " 1969    2   1969.1260      324.42      323.77     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [186] " 1969    3   1969.2027      325.63      324.31     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [187] " 1969    4   1969.2877      326.66      324.27     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [188] " 1969    5   1969.3699      327.38      324.48     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [189] " 1969    6   1969.4548      326.71      324.51     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [190] " 1969    7   1969.5370      325.88      325.17     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [191] " 1969    8   1969.6219      323.66      324.97     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [192] " 1969    9   1969.7068      322.38      325.37     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [193] " 1969   10   1969.7890      321.78      324.88     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [194] " 1969   11   1969.8740      322.86      324.79     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [195] " 1969   12   1969.9562      324.12      324.91     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [196] " 1970    1   1970.0411      325.06      325.03     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [197] " 1970    2   1970.1260      325.98      325.34     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [198] " 1970    3   1970.2027      326.93      325.61     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [199] " 1970    4   1970.2877      328.13      325.74     -1   -9.99   -0.99"             
## [200] " 1970    5   1970.3699      328.08      325.16     -1   -9.99   -0.99"
dfd <- read_table(here("data","nasa_carbon_dioxide.txt"), skip = 53, col_names = FALSE)  #import the data with new column names, skip the first 53 lines and save it with the name dfd
## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   X1 = col_double(),
##   X2 = col_double(),
##   X3 = col_double(),
##   X4 = col_double(),
##   X5 = col_double(),
##   X6 = col_double(),
##   X7 = col_double(),
##   X8 = col_double()
## )
dfd
nasa_co2 <- dfd %>%                     #save the name of the tibble
  unite(df3, X1,X2, sep = " ")%>%       #unite the columns X1 and X2 with a new name df3
  rename(date = df3)%>%                 #rename df3 as date
  rename(co2 = X4) %>%                  #rename X4 as co2
  select(c(date,co2))%>%                #select the columns date and co2
  mutate(date = parse_date(date, format = "%Y %m"))   #create a new column and turn date as date with format year and month


ggplot() +                                             #create a plot
  layer (
    data = nasa_co2,                                   #use the data from nasa_co2
    geom = "point",
    mapping = aes(x = date, y = co2, colour = date),   #specifies the data that we use in each axis
    stat = "identity",                                 #no further transformation
    position = "identity"                              #position adjustment
  ) + scale_y_continuous(limits = c(300,400))          #numbered axis Y from 300 to 400
## Warning: Removed 83 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

#Question 1e

nasa <- nasa_temp %>%      #save the name of the tibble
  full_join(               #merge the data sets along rows
    nasa_ice,              #the tibble we want to combine
    by = "date",           #combine based the date
    keep = FALSE) %>%      #don't preserved the keys from x and y in the output
  full_join(              
    nasa_sea,
    by = "date",
    keep = FALSE) %>%
  full_join(
    nasa_co2,
    by = "date",
    keep = FALSE) 
  nasa

#Question 1f

nasa %>%                                                        #name the nasa tibble df_temp
  filter(date >= "1960-01-01" & year <= "2020-01-01") %>%       #select the years from 1960 - 2020
  ggplot(mapping = aes(y = co2, x = temp)) +                    #define the axes
  geom_point(mapping = aes(colour = date))                      #add colour by year
## Error: Problem with `filter()` input `..1`.
## i Input `..1` is `date >= "1960-01-01" & year <= "2020-01-01"`.
## x comparison (4) is possible only for atomic and list types
df_temp
## Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos): object 'df_temp' not found

#Question 2a

read_lines(file = here("data","luthi_carbon_dioxide.txt"), n_max = 800L )        #read the first 800 lines
##   [1] "EPICA Dome C Ice Core 800KYr Carbon Dioxide Data"                                                                                                                                                                                       
##   [2] "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"                                                                                                                                                                
##   [3] "               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder"                                                                                                                                                                         
##   [4] "                                  and"                                                                                                                                                                                                  
##   [5] "                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program"                                                                                                                                                                                     
##   [6] "-----------------------------------------------------------------------"                                                                                                                                                                
##   [7] "NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!!"                                                                                                                                                                         
##   [8] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##   [9] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [10] "NAME OF DATA SET: EPICA Dome C Ice Core 800KYr Carbon Dioxide Data"                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [11] "LAST UPDATE: 6/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo)"                                                                                                                                                                                    
##  [12] "CONTRIBUTORS: Dieter Luthi, et al."                                                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [13] "IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-055"                                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [14] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [15] "WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: "                                                                                                                                                                                               
##  [16] "Luthi, D., et al.. 2008."                                                                                                                                                                                                               
##  [17] "EPICA Dome C Ice Core 800KYr Carbon Dioxide Data. "                                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [18] "IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology "                                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [19] "Data Contribution Series # 2008-055. "                                                                                                                                                                                                  
##  [20] "NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA."                                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [21] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [22] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [23] "ORIGINAL REFERENCE: "                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [24] "Luthi, D., M. Le Floch, B. Bereiter, T. Blunier, J.-M. Barnola, "                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [25] "U. Siegenthaler, D. Raynaud, J. Jouzel, H. Fischer, K. Kawamura, "                                                                                                                                                                      
##  [26] "and T.F. Stocker.  2008."                                                                                                                                                                                                               
##  [27] "High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000-800,000 "                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [28] "years before present."                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
##  [29] "Nature, Vol. 453, pp. 379-382, 15 May 2008.  doi:10.1038/nature06949"                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [30] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [31] "ABSTRACT:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
##  [32] "Changes in past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations can"                                                                                                                                                                          
##  [33] "be determined by measuring the composition of air trapped in ice"                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [34] "cores from Antarctica. So far, the Antarctic Vostok and EPICA"                                                                                                                                                                          
##  [35] "Dome C ice cores have provided a composite record of atmospheric"                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [36] "carbon dioxide levels over the past 650,000 years. Here we present "                                                                                                                                                                    
##  [37] "results of the lowest 200m of the Dome C ice core, extending "                                                                                                                                                                          
##  [38] "the record of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by two "                                                                                                                                                                         
##  [39] "complete glacial cycles to 800,000 yr before present. From "                                                                                                                                                                            
##  [40] "previously published data and the present work, we find that"                                                                                                                                                                           
##  [41] "atmospheric carbon dioxide is strongly correlated with Antarctic"                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [42] "temperature throughout eight glacial cycles but with significantly"                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [43] "lower concentrations between 650,000 and 750,000 yr before present."                                                                                                                                                                    
##  [44] "Carbon dioxide levels are below 180 parts per million by volume "                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [45] "(p.p.m.v.) for a period of 3,000 yr during Marine Isotope Stage 16, "                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [46] "possibly reflecting more pronounced oceanic carbon storage. "                                                                                                                                                                           
##  [47] "We report the lowest carbon dioxide concentration measured"                                                                                                                                                                             
##  [48] "in an ice core, which extends the pre-industrial range of"                                                                                                                                                                              
##  [49] "carbon dioxide concentrations during the late Quaternary by"                                                                                                                                                                            
##  [50] "about 10 p.p.m.v. to 172-300 p.p.m.v."                                                                                                                                                                                                  
##  [51] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [52] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [53] "ADDITIONAL REFERENCES:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
##  [54] "Indermuhle, A., E. Monnin, B. Stauffer, T.F. Stocker, M. Wahlen, 1999, "                                                                                                                                                                
##  [55] "Atmospheric CO2 concentration from 60 to 20 kyr BP from the "                                                                                                                                                                           
##  [56] "Taylor Dome ice core, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 735-738."                                                                                                                                                           
##  [57] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [58] "Monnin, E., A. Indermuhle, A. Dallenbach, J. Fluckiger, B. Stauffer, "                                                                                                                                                                  
##  [59] "T.F. Stocker, D. Raynaud, and J.-M. Barnola. 2001. "                                                                                                                                                                                    
##  [60] "Atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last glacial termination. "                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [61] "Science, Vol. 291, pp. 112-114."                                                                                                                                                                                                        
##  [62] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [63] "Petit, J.R., J. Jouzel, D. Raynaud, N.I. Barkov, J.-M. Barnola, "                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [64] "I. Basile, M. Benders, J. Chappellaz, M. Davis, G. Delayque, "                                                                                                                                                                          
##  [65] "M. Delmotte, V.M. Kotlyakov, M. Legrand, V.Y. Lipenkov, "                                                                                                                                                                               
##  [66] "C. Lorius, L. Pepin, C. Ritz, E. Saltzman, and M. Stievenard. 1999. "                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [67] "Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from "                                                                                                                                                                        
##  [68] "the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. "                                                                                                                                                                                                      
##  [69] "Nature 399: 429-436."                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [70] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [71] "Siegenthaler, U., T.F. Stocker, E. Monnin, D. Luthi, J. Schwander, B. Stauffer, "                                                                                                                                                       
##  [72] "D. Raynaud, J.-M. Barnola, H. Fischer, V. Masson-Delmotte, J. Jouzel.  2005. "                                                                                                                                                          
##  [73] "Stable Carbon Cycle-Climate Relationship During the Late Pleistocene."                                                                                                                                                                  
##  [74] "Science, v. 310 , pp. 1313-1317, 25 November 2005."                                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [75] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [76] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [77] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [78] "GEOGRAPHIC REGION: East Antarctica"                                                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [79] "PERIOD OF RECORD: 800 KYrBP -present"                                                                                                                                                                                                   
##  [80] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [81] "FUNDING SOURCES: "                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
##  [82] "This work is a contribution to the European Project for Ice Coring "                                                                                                                                                                    
##  [83] "in Antarctica (EPICA), a joint European Science Foundation/European"                                                                                                                                                                    
##  [84] "Commission scientific program, funded by the European Commission and "                                                                                                                                                                  
##  [85] "by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, "                                                                                                                                                                     
##  [86] "Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the "                                                                                                                                                                           
##  [87] "United Kingdom. We acknowledge financial support by the Swiss NSF, "                                                                                                                                                                    
##  [88] "the University of Bern, the Swiss Federal Agency of Energy and the "                                                                                                                                                                    
##  [89] "French ANR (Agence nationale pour la Recherche; programme PICC)."                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [90] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [91] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [92] "DESCRIPTION:   "                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
##  [93] "Carbon dioxide record from the EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring "                                                                                                                                                                 
##  [94] "in Antarctica) Dome C ice core covering 0 to 800 kyr BP.  "                                                                                                                                                                             
##  [95] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [96] "EPICA Dome C ice core location:  75 06'S, 123 21'E, 3233m above sea level  "                                                                                                                                                            
##  [97] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [98] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
##  [99] "These data also available from the Nature Supplementary Materials for "                                                                                                                                                                 
## [100] "Luthi et al. (2008). "                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
## [101] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [102] "NOTE:  These data have been revised for an analytical bias as described "                                                                                                                                                               
## [103] "by Bereiter et al. 2015.  Please see the revised EDC and Antarctic "                                                                                                                                                                    
## [104] "composite CO2 records at:  http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17975"                                                                                                                                                                  
## [105] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [106] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [107] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [108] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [109] "DATA:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
## [110] "1. EDC Carbon Dioxide Data (611-800 kyr BP), Luthi et al. (2008)"                                                                                                                                                                       
## [111] "(Additional EDC and Antarctic Ice Core CO2 data and composite CO2 record are below)"                                                                                                                                                    
## [112] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [113] "Column 1: Depth (m)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [114] "Column 2: Age (EDC3_gas_a) years BP"                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [115] "Column 3: CO2 (ppmv) measured at University of Bern  "                                                                                                                                                                                  
## [116] "Column 4: CO2 sigma error (ppmv) measured at University of Bern "                                                                                                                                                                       
## [117] "Column 5: Depth (m)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [118] "Column 6: Age (EDC3_gas_a) years BP"                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [119] "Column 7: CO2 (ppmv) measured at LGGE in Grenoble "                                                                                                                                                                                     
## [120] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [121] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [122] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [123] "             University of Bern                           LGGE in Grenoble"                                                                                                                                                             
## [124] "Depth            Age        CO2    sigma           Depth            Age        CO2 "                                                                                                                                                    
## [125] "3026.58       611269      257.8      2.1           3061.71       667435      178.5"                                                                                                                                                     
## [126] "3030.97       616164      252.6      0.6           3063.98       670124      189.0"                                                                                                                                                     
## [127] "3036.44       623109      243.3      2.8           3085.78       688035      234.0"                                                                                                                                                     
## [128] "3040.87       630183      204.4      0.9           3086.88       688751      235.4"                                                                                                                                                     
## [129] "3043.07       635364      195.0      1.5           3087.98       689444      241.0"                                                                                                                                                     
## [130] "3055.18       658404      187.5      1.8           3089.08       690155      235.0"                                                                                                                                                     
## [131] "3056.25       659983      185.6      1.1           3091.28       691524      235.9"                                                                                                                                                     
## [132] "3057.36       661563      192.1      1.0           3093.48       692857      236.3"                                                                                                                                                     
## [133] "3058.47       663133      192.0      2.1           3120.01       715603      223.8"                                                                                                                                                     
## [134] "3059.55       664597      190.6      1.3           3122.20       718581      190.2"                                                                                                                                                     
## [135] "3060.33       665645      178.2      1.1           3124.41       721870      217.0"                                                                                                                                                     
## [136] "3060.73       666174      178.5      1.1           3128.68       727458      203.7"                                                                                                                                                     
## [137] "3061.36       666995      172.7      1.0           3133.08       732300      210.7"                                                                                                                                                     
## [138] "3061.82       667569      171.6      1.4           3135.28       734408      209.6"                                                                                                                                                     
## [139] "3062.53       668447      175.6      0.7           3141.82       739986      198.0"                                                                                                                                                     
## [140] "3062.93       668934      178.5      0.7           3146.37       744681      185.2"                                                                                                                                                     
## [141] "3063.64       669751      185.5      0.2           3150.68       749152      188.8"                                                                                                                                                     
## [142] "3064.02       670176      189.3      0.9           3152.88       751552      193.8"                                                                                                                                                     
## [143] "3064.76       670916      192.6      1.0           3155.08       754124      197.3"                                                                                                                                                     
## [144] "3065.12       671286      194.6      0.7           3156.18       755354      203.4"                                                                                                                                                     
## [145] "3065.76       671926      192.5      0.6           3157.28       756605      214.4"                                                                                                                                                     
## [146] "3066.22       672386      194.8      1.0           3158.38       757805      225.5"                                                                                                                                                     
## [147] "3066.93       673095      198.7      1.0           3159.48       759027      216.6"                                                                                                                                                     
## [148] "3067.33       673475      202.3      0.7           3160.58       760338      214.9"                                                                                                                                                     
## [149] "3068.07       674173      209.2      0.6           3161.68       761745      213.0"                                                                                                                                                     
## [150] "3068.42       674521      213.7      0.8           3162.78       763158      221.3"                                                                                                                                                     
## [151] "3069.52       675589      220.0      0.8           3163.88       764529      226.5"                                                                                                                                                     
## [152] "3070.16       676170      217.4      0.6           3164.98       765917      216.1"                                                                                                                                                     
## [153] "3070.62       676524      214.0      0.9           3167.18       768940      227.5"                                                                                                                                                     
## [154] "3071.33       677068      215.6      1.4           3168.28       770434      233.9"                                                                                                                                                     
## [155] "3071.72       677380      217.4      1.5           3169.38       771888      226.9"                                                                                                                                                     
## [156] "3072.44       677984      226.5      0.8           3170.48       773353      238.6"                                                                                                                                                     
## [157] "3072.80       678291      230.0      0.9           3171.58       774854      240.1"                                                                                                                                                     
## [158] "3073.53       678914      230.8      0.6           3172.68       776322      245.9"                                                                                                                                                     
## [159] "3073.93       679252      230.3      1.2           3173.78       777719      246.7"                                                                                                                                                     
## [160] "3074.56       679732      223.0      1.2           3174.88       779076      243.8"                                                                                                                                                     
## [161] "3075.02       680081      225.0      1.3           3177.08       781771      251.2"                                                                                                                                                     
## [162] "3075.73       680608      218.4      0.9           3178.18       783110      252.5"                                                                                                                                                     
## [163] "3076.13       680920      216.2      1.0           3179.28       784409      248.4"                                                                                                                                                     
## [164] "3076.85       681531      217.3      1.7           3180.38       785654      255.3"                                                                                                                                                     
## [165] "3077.23       681849      219.7      0.6           3181.48       786819      256.6"                                                                                                                                                     
## [166] "3077.93       682446      222.6      1.6           3182.58       787957      246.4"                                                                                                                                                     
## [167] "3078.32       682762      221.3      1.3           3183.68       789126      239.3"                                                                                                                                                     
## [168] "3078.96       683262      218.7      0.8           3185.88       791767      217.3"                                                                                                                                                     
## [169] "3079.43       683612      217.5      0.7           3186.98       793255      224.2"                                                                                                                                                     
## [170] "3080.14       684142      217.5      1.4           3188.08       794949      206.7"                                                                                                                                                     
## [171] "3080.52       684419      219.4      1.0           3190.28       798893      193.6"                                                                                                                                                     
## [172] "3081.25       684949      219.5      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [173] "3081.63       685217      219.7      1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [174] "3082.34       685716      223.5      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [175] "3082.72       685980      224.4      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [176] "3083.37       686425      224.3      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [177] "3083.82       686726      227.3      1.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [178] "3084.56       687227      228.7      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [179] "3084.92       687470      228.8      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [180] "3085.65       687949      232.3      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [181] "3086.03       688195      233.0      0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [182] "3086.73       688652      235.8      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [183] "3087.08       688881      234.9      1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [184] "3087.76       689304      235.8      2.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [185] "3088.23       689603      239.9      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [186] "3088.93       690057      235.6      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [187] "3089.30       690294      234.8      2.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [188] "3090.05       690771      240.0      2.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [189] "3090.42       690999      234.0      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [190] "3091.13       691432      235.6      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [191] "3091.52       691672      236.6      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [192] "3092.16       692057      235.5      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [193] "3092.62       692338      235.9      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [194] "3093.33       692765      232.9      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [195] "3093.70       692990      234.8      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [196] "3094.45       693433      234.1      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [197] "3094.80       693639      234.1      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [198] "3095.53       694068      235.4      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [199] "3095.92       694300      234.4      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [200] "3096.56       694672      235.8      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [201] "3097.02       694941      236.9      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [202] "3097.74       695383      236.7      1.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [203] "3098.13       695618      237.6      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [204] "3098.85       696062      234.6      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [205] "3099.22       696287      234.8      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [206] "3099.93       696717      235.4      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [207] "3100.32       696963      232.9      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [208] "3100.92       697331      232.4      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [209] "3101.43       697660      232.2      0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [210] "3102.13       698120      231.0      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [211] "3102.52       698386      228.0      0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [212] "3103.25       698880      226.4      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [213] "3103.57       699102      227.7      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [214] "3104.33       699633      227.6      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [215] "3104.71       699909      226.0      0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [216] "3105.36       700389      228.7      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [217] "3105.82       700744      227.6      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [218] "3106.46       701242      228.2      0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [219] "3106.92       701606      228.8      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [220] "3107.64       702158      229.3      0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [221] "3107.93       702381      230.3      1.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [222] "3108.65       702988      232.4      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [223] "3109.12       703384      232.8      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [224] "3109.75       703934      231.2      1.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [225] "3110.07       704211      231.2      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [226] "3110.88       704973      233.9      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [227] "3111.32       705410      228.5      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [228] "3112.05       706141      228.6      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [229] "3112.31       706409      228.1      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [230] "3115.25       709680      219.7      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [231] "3115.72       710237      220.2      0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [232] "3116.42       711104      218.9      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [233] "3116.68       711421      218.7      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [234] "3117.81       712833      218.5      0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [235] "3118.60       713843      222.3      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [236] "3118.95       714288      221.7      2.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [237] "3119.67       715180      217.7      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [238] "3120.12       715750      222.1      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [239] "3120.85       716704      208.1      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [240] "3121.13       717065      205.0      1.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [241] "3121.86       718064      192.9      1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [242] "3122.32       718779      184.3      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [243] "3122.95       719794      187.8      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [244] "3123.35       720337      195.2      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [245] "3124.06       721318      206.3      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [246] "3124.52       722039      211.3      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [247] "3125.27       723133      213.4      1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [248] "3125.53       723464      213.2      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [249] "3126.27       724445      210.3      2.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [250] "3126.72       725059      206.3      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [251] "3127.41       725937      206.6      1.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [252] "3127.73       726322      208.1      1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [253] "3128.45       727192      204.5      0.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [254] "3128.91       727732      205.5      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [255] "3129.62       728568      205.1      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [256] "3129.93       728921      205.4      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [257] "3131.12       730299      204.0      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [258] "3131.75       730949      204.1      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [259] "3132.13       731329      204.9      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [260] "3132.92       732141      203.8      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [261] "3133.32       732548      205.9      1.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [262] "3134.02       733261      203.9      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [263] "3134.33       733543      204.4      0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [264] "3135.06       734223      205.3      0.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [265] "3135.52       734604      207.4      1.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [266] "3136.19       735167      201.7      1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [267] "3136.53       735459      201.3      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [268] "3137.25       736079      204.1      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [269] "3137.72       736460      209.7      1.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [270] "3138.44       737034      208.1      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [271] "3138.73       737266      211.3      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [272] "3139.46       737889      210.6      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [273] "3139.89       738272      206.5      1.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [274] "3140.54       738844      200.3      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [275] "3140.88       739137      197.8      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [276] "3141.66       739842      185.0      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [277] "3142.12       740277      178.9      0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [278] "3142.85       741021      178.6      2.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [279] "3143.13       741307      176.6      2.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [280] "3143.86       742075      177.9      2.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [281] "3144.32       742558      182.3      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [282] "3144.98       743233      181.7      2.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [283] "3145.32       743589      180.4      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [284] "3146.06       744354      181.2      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [285] "3146.52       744843      182.0      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [286] "3147.48       745836      180.2      1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [287] "3148.26       746643      183.1      0.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [288] "3148.72       747110      180.8      0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [289] "3149.35       747759      180.8      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [290] "3149.68       748101      180.4      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [291] "3150.45       748913      181.4      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [292] "3150.91       749401      182.9      1.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [293] "3151.65       750194      184.8      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [294] "3151.91       750476      184.0      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [295] "3152.65       751301      186.2      1.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [296] "3153.12       751830      190.1      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [297] "3153.78       752605      188.0      0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [298] "3154.10       752978      196.5      1.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [299] "3154.96       753984      191.5      1.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [300] "3155.32       754394      195.8      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [301] "3156.08       755241      200.5      2.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [302] "3156.30       755495      201.9      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [303] "3157.05       756357      206.0      2.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [304] "3157.52       756871      210.7      2.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [305] "3158.15       757561      215.0      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [306] "3158.53       757962      219.2      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [307] "3158.80       758259      215.3      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [308] "3159.00       758475      217.6      1.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [309] "3159.35       758883      217.9      2.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [310] "3159.72       759306      214.9      1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [311] "3160.47       760202      208.8      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [312] "3160.71       760500      206.9      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [313] "3161.46       761453      206.1      1.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [314] "3161.92       762064      212.0      0.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [315] "3162.55       762871      216.0      2.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [316] "3162.91       763319      215.0      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [317] "3163.20       763686      225.7      3.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [318] "3163.40       763934      221.4      2.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [319] "3163.65       764249      224.1      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [320] "3164.12       764833      222.6      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [321] "3164.84       765735      216.8      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [322] "3165.13       766110      215.7      0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [323] "3165.86       767096      213.5      0.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [324] "3166.32       767737      217.7      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [325] "3166.97       768655      222.4      2.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [326] "3167.26       769050      221.4      1.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [327] "3167.60       769514      228.1      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [328] "3167.80       769787      226.0      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [329] "3168.05       770133      231.5      1.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [330] "3168.29       770447      235.6      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [331] "3168.50       770724      238.2      2.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [332] "3168.70       770994      235.6      2.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [333] "3168.90       771260      237.7      2.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [334] "3169.24       771708      229.5      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [335] "3169.53       772076      230.9      1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [336] "3170.25       773043      230.0      2.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [337] "3170.72       773680      233.3      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [338] "3171.35       774548      236.9      0.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [339] "3171.73       775051      240.5      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [340] "3172.46       776037      238.8      2.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [341] "3172.92       776636      243.9      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [342] "3173.65       777556      246.3      0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [343] "3173.93       777900      246.1      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [344] "3174.65       778798      245.8      2.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [345] "3175.11       779364      243.9      0.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [346] "3175.84       780268      248.5      0.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [347] "3176.13       780612      242.8      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [348] "3176.89       781535      248.7      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [349] "3177.32       782059      246.2      1.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [350] "3178.31       783263      252.1      2.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [351] "3179.05       784147      246.9      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [352] "3179.52       784692      250.7      0.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [353] "3180.15       785413      253.3      2.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [354] "3180.51       785789      255.4      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [355] "3181.26       786587      260.3      1.3"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [356] "3181.73       787076      256.9      0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [357] "3182.43       787805      248.1      1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [358] "3182.65       788033      247.9      2.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [359] "3183.46       788887      229.5      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [360] "3183.91       789381      226.3      3.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [361] "3184.57       790153      218.2      0.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [362] "3184.90       790538      221.3      1.8"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [363] "3185.66       791491      215.4      3.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [364] "3186.12       792081      205.1      2.5"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [365] "3186.75       792943      204.0      1.6"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [366] "3186.98       793260      209.0      1.9"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [367] "3187.87       794608      199.4      1.7"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [368] "3188.23       795202      195.2      2.0"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [369] "3188.98       796467      189.3      2.1"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [370] "3189.33       797099      188.4      1.4"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [371] "3190.08       798512      191.0      2.2"                                                                                                                                                                                               
## [372] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [373] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [374] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [375] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [376] "2. Antarctic CO2 data from Vostok, Dome C, and Taylor Dome"                                                                                                                                                                             
## [377] "Depth in meters, CO2 and sigma in ppmv, Gas age scale: EDC3_gas_a (tentatively synchronized for Taylor Dome)"                                                                                                                           
## [378] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [379] "Dome C (0-22 kyr BP)                 Vostok (0-440 kyr BP)        Taylor Dome (19-63 kyr BP)           Dome C (393-664 kyr BP)                                           Dome C (611-800 kyr BP)"                                       
## [380] "Monnin et al. (2001)                 Petit et al. (1999)          Indermuhle et al. (2000)             Siegenthaler et al. (2005)                                        Luthi et al. (sub)"                                            
## [381] "                                     Pepin et al. (2001)"                                                                                                                                                                               
## [382] "                                     Raynaud et al. (2005)"                                                                                                                                                                             
## [383] "measured at:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
## [384] "University of Bern                   LGGE in Grenoble             University of Bern                   University of Bern                   LGGE in Grenoble             University of Bern                   LGGE in Grenoble"         
## [385] "Depth  EDC3_gas_a     CO2  sigma     Depth  EDC3_gas_a     CO2    Depth Age(tentative)  CO2  sigma      Depth  EDC3_gas_a   CO2    sigma    Depth  EDC3_gas_a    CO2     Depth   EDC3_gas_a   CO2    sigma    Depth   EDC3_gas_a   CO2 "
## [386] "102.83    137       280.4    1.8     149.1     2690      284.7    380.82    18906     190.5    1       2761.85   415717    276.4    1.6     2700.77   392544    259.5    3026.58   611269    257.8    2.1     3061.71   667435    178.5"
## [387] "106.89    268       274.9    0.7     173.1     3897      272.7    382.42    23379     189.1    0.5     2762.89   416193    271.7    1.2     2702.97   393579    273.6    3030.97   616164    252.6    0.6     3063.98   670124    189.0"
## [388] "107.20    279       277.9    0.7     177.4     4124      268.1    382.76    24011     189      1.4     2765.08   417191    273.4    1.5     2705.17   394560    260.7    3036.44   623109    243.3    2.8     3085.78   688035    234.0"
## [389] "110.25    395       279.1    1.3     228.6     6735      262.2    383.54    25337     187.7    1       2766.18   417698    271.8    1.7     2713.97   398086    276.3    3040.87   630183    204.4    0.9     3086.88   688751    235.4"
## [390] "110.50    404       281.9    1.1     250.3     7873      254.5    385.33    27507     195.2    0.5     2767.33   418245    274.6    1.8     2718.37   399722    277.1    3043.07   635364    195.0    1.5     3087.98   689444    241.0"
## [391] "113.27    485       277.7    0.7     266       8670      259.6    385.64    27781     194.1    0.4     2769.48   419260    273.7    0.8     2720.57   400504    283.2    3055.18   658404    187.5    1.8     3089.08   690155    235.0"
## [392] "115.48    559       281.1    1.1     302.6     10167     261.6    386.62    28527     196.1    0.7     2770.58   419808    271.2    1.5     2724.97   402000    283.1    3056.25   659983    185.6    1.1     3091.28   691524    235.9"
## [393] "118.62    672       282.2    0.5     321.2     10983     263.7    387.66    29238     194      0.6     2771.68   420350    273.8    1.6     2727.17   402731    275.7    3057.36   661563    192.1    1.0     3093.48   692857    236.3"
## [394] "121.50    754       280.1    0.6     331.6     11422     244.8    388.52    29772     191.1    0.5     2773.88   421484    268.6    1.4     2731.57   404181    276.5    3058.47   663133    192.0    2.1     3120.01   715603    223.8"
## [395] "124.82    877       278.4    1.5     342.1     11881     238.3    389.7     30407     193.5    0.8     2774.96   422074    266.4    1.8     2733.77   404927    280.5    3059.55   664597    190.6    1.3     3122.20   718581    190.2"
## [396] "127.02    950       276.6    1.4     365.5     13356     236.2    390.71    30881     196.8    0.5     2776.13   422649    270.6    1.1     2738.17   406368    279.6    3060.33   665645    178.2    1.1     3124.41   721870    217.0"
## [397] "129.75    1060      279.1    1       375.6     14010     225.2    391.63    31308     199.6    0.6     2778.28   423764    267.7    2.9     2740.37   407093    285.6    3060.73   666174    178.5    1.1     3128.68   727458    203.7"
## [398] "132.50    1153      277.7    1.2     443.5     20023     182.2    392.62    31700     199.1    0.2     2779.39   424332    268.3    1.9     2744.77   408600    284.5    3061.36   666995    172.7    1.0     3133.08   732300    210.7"
## [399] "134.72    1233      278.7    1.2     470.8     22827     189.2    393.55    32090     200.4    0.6     2780.48   424840    270.8    1.1     2746.97   409383    275.2    3061.82   667569    171.6    1.4     3135.28   734408    209.6"
## [400] "138.02    1350      277.4    0.8     506.4     25994     191.6    395.32    32771     200.2    0.3     2781.32   425242    270.0    2.5     2746.97   409383    274.2    3062.53   668447    175.6    0.7     3141.82   739986    198.0"
## [401] "141.30    1453      279.2    0.9     544.7     29063     188.5    396.42    33161     200.1    0.7     2781.96   425569    265.4    2.0     2749.17   410206    282.6    3062.93   668934    178.5    0.7     3146.37   744681    185.2"
## [402] "144.05    1552      280.0    0.8     554.2     30020     191.7    396.98    33341     201.6    0.5     2782.73   425975    255.3    1.3     2751.37   411071    283.5    3063.64   669751    185.5    0.2     3150.68   749152    188.8"
## [403] "146.27    1638      278.9    0.8     602.3     35009     205.3    397.64    33580     200.9    0.6     2783.81   426598    252.1    0.7     2755.77   412962    274.9    3064.02   670176    189.3    0.9     3152.88   751552    193.8"
## [404] "149.02    1733      278.7    0.7     625.6     37471     209.1    398.61    33913     203.6    0.4     2784.88   427285    248.2    0.9     2757.97   413948    264.9    3064.76   670916    192.6    1.0     3155.08   754124    197.3"
## [405] "151.20    1812      278.0    1.2     700.2     43500     209.1    400.02    34364     205.3    0.6     2785.27   427566    242.5    1.5     2760.17   414963    271.6    3065.12   671286    194.6    0.7     3156.18   755354    203.4"
## [406] "154.50    1931      276.9    0.7     765       47336     189.3    405.53    36061     208.8    0.3     2787.08   429006    219.7    1.7     2762.37   415955    276.2    3065.76   671926    192.5    0.6     3157.28   756605    214.4"
## [407] "157.82    2057      276.7    0.8     788.2     48854     188.4    406.6     36378     213      0.8     2788.03   429876    227.2    2.2     2764.57   416965    268.5    3066.22   672386    194.8    1.0     3158.38   757805    225.5"
## [408] "160.03    2128      276.7    0.8     800       49690     210.1    407.73    36695     211.3    0.7     2789.29   431063    211.5    1.7     2766.77   417979    277.7    3066.93   673095    198.7    1.0     3159.48   759027    216.6"
## [409] "162.17    2212      277.6    1.3     812.2     50663     215.7    408.54    36883     212.6    1.1     2789.67   431445    207.6    1.3     2768.97   419013    273.3    3067.33   673475    202.3    0.7     3160.58   760338    214.9"
## [410] "165.52    2334      277.9    0.5     834.8     52382     190.4    411.31    37545     213.6    0.6     2790.78   432599    209.8    1.6     2771.17   420107    268.9    3068.07   674173    209.2    0.6     3161.68   761745    213.0"
## [411] "168.28    2433      273.9    1.1     902.2     57088     221.7    412.24    37740     210.8    0.4     2791.87   433674    207.5    1.3     2775.57   422374    276.6    3068.42   674521    213.7    0.8     3162.78   763158    221.3"
## [412] "171.00    2536      278.9    0.6     912       57657     210.4    413.11    37949     209.9    0.7     2792.97   434804    200.3    1.6     2775.57   422374    274.3    3069.52   675589    220.0    0.8     3163.88   764529    226.5"
## [413] "173.14    2604      275.3    1.6     986.2     62859     195.3    413.97    38149     210.6    0.5     2794.08   435989    201.7    1.6     2777.77   423491    270.9    3070.16   676170    217.4    0.6     3164.98   765917    216.1"
## [414] "176.52    2728      274.7    1.2     1011.3    64939     191.4    416.37    38679     210.3    0.7     2795.17   437152    201.3    1.1     2779.97   424604    273.7    3070.62   676524    214.0    0.9     3167.18   768940    227.5"
## [415] "178.72    2806      276.3    0.9     1023.5    65939     194.9    416.99    38826     207.8    0.6     2796.28   438356    202.0    1.5     2782.17   425678    257.7    3071.33   677068    215.6    1.4     3168.28   770434    233.9"
## [416] "181.45    2902      274.6    0.8     1087.2    71049     227.3    418.27    39100     205.7    0.8     2797.38   439565    199.1    1.1     2784.37   426953    254.1    3071.72   677380    217.4    1.5     3169.38   771888    226.9"
## [417] "185.85    3053      276.3    1.5     1112.5    73227     229.1    419.39    39345     198.6    0.5     2798.92   441220    201.1    0.9                                  3072.44   677984    226.5    0.8     3170.48   773353    238.6"
## [418] "187.52    3116      273.1    1.1     1162.1    77150     217.1    420.31    39527     196.4    0.8     2800.02   442411    203.5    0.6                                  3072.80   678291    230.0    0.9     3171.58   774854    240.1"
## [419] "189.72    3215      274.0    0.3     1175      78183     221.7    422.53    39960     197.5    0.8     2801.13   443562    208.1    1.8                                  3073.53   678914    230.8    0.6     3172.68   776322    245.9"
## [420] "193.00    3336      275.0    0.6     1209.9    80614     230.9    424.75    40427     198.2    0.3     2802.21   444650    201.7    1.7                                  3073.93   679252    230.3    1.2     3173.78   777719    246.7"
## [421] "196.30    3453      273.4    1.3     1237.2    82417     241.1    426.46    40837     201.4    0.8     2803.33   445829    201.2    2.1                                  3074.56   679732    223.0    1.2     3174.88   779076    243.8"
## [422] "198.52    3523      273.0    0.8     1251.5    83333     236.4    427.06    40990     198.9    0.7     2804.42   446984    204.9    1.4                                  3075.02   680081    225.0    1.3     3177.08   781771    251.2"
## [423] "201.28    3622      271.5    1       1261.2    84016     228.0    429.3     41620     201.4    0.7     2805.52   448103    201.9    1.8                                  3075.73   680608    218.4    0.9     3178.18   783110    252.5"
## [424] "204.00    3721      275.4    0.5     1274.2    85020     214.2    430.13    41895     201.6    0.6     2806.62   449244    198.4    1.3                                  3076.13   680920    216.2    1.0     3179.28   784409    248.4"
## [425] "206.20    3790      274.9    1.3     1289.2    86181     217.0    430.83    42131     202.2    0.9     2807.72   450455    193.3    1.6                                  3076.85   681531    217.3    1.7     3180.38   785654    255.3"
## [426] "209.52    3910      271.7    1       1309.2    87917     208.0    431.52    42342     201.9    1       2808.82   451593    192.5    1.0                                  3077.23   681849    219.7    0.6     3181.48   786819    256.6"
## [427] "212.27    4004      271.6    0.7     1338.2    90357     224.2    434.75    43252     199.9    0.7     2809.46   452283    199.1    0.6                                  3077.93   682446    222.6    1.6     3182.58   787957    246.4"
## [428] "215.00    4096      272.8    0.8     1349      91249     228.3    436.05    43612     201.7    0.8     2809.93   452795    204.3    1.0                                  3078.32   682762    221.3    1.3     3183.68   789126    239.3"
## [429] "216.65    4161      271.5    0.9     1387.2    94353     232.0    436.93    43879     205      0.6     2810.56   453514    203.3    1.0                                  3078.96   683262    218.7    0.8     3185.88   791767    217.3"
## [430] "221.05    4324      271.1    0.8     1451.5    99849     225.8    438.21    44239     210      0.6     2811.01   454023    208.3    1.4                                  3079.43   683612    217.5    0.7     3186.98   793255    224.2"
## [431] "222.72    4374      269.1    0.6     1463.2    100837    230.8    438.92    44439     214      0.8     2812.12   455279    202.4    1.3                                  3080.14   684142    217.5    1.4     3188.08   794949    206.7"
## [432] "225.48    4480      269.8    1       1476.1    101749    236.9    439.83    44700     216.2    1.4     2813.21   456591    195.5    0.8                                  3080.52   684419    219.4    1.0     3190.28   798893    193.6"
## [433] "228.20    4573      271.5    0.8     1505      103465    228.1    441.02    45010     214.6    0.2     2814.32   458049    190.7    1.9                                  3081.25   684949    219.5    1.1"                              
## [434] "232.05    4703      270.7    0.5     1526.3    104704    236.9    441.8     45222     215.7    0.6     2815.43   459430    194.4    0.7                                  3081.63   685217    219.7    1.2"                              
## [435] "233.72    4766      269.3    1       1542.1    105636    230.6    442.76    45466     210.6    0.8     2816.52   460792    199.9    2.6                                  3082.34   685716    223.5    1.0"                              
## [436] "236.47    4874      268.6    1.1     1575.2    107579    238.2    444.23    45839     206.6    0.6     2817.25   461687    205.2    0.9                                  3082.72   685980    224.4    1.3"                              
## [437] "240.27    5004      269.8    1.2     1582.8    108153    245.6    446.42    46511     203.1    0.9     2817.62   462133    210.0    0.7                                  3083.37   686425    224.3    1.1"                              
## [438] "242.50    5094      267.6    0.6     1598      109804    251.2    447.42    46935     200      0.5     2818.72   463456    208.1    2.2                                  3083.82   686726    227.3    1.7"                              
## [439] "244.72    5160      265.3    1.7     1615      111862    256.7    447.93    47175     199.1    0.7     2819.83   464866    204.4    1.9                                  3084.56   687227    228.7    1.3"                              
## [440] "248.02    5274      265.2    0.8     1627.9    113262    266.3    449.24    47916     202.1    0.6     2820.92   466265    203.4    1.2                                  3084.92   687470    228.8    1.5"                              
## [441] "250.72    5370      267.6    2       1637.6    114096    261.4    450.05    48488     206.9    0.6     2822.01   467602    205.5    0.9                                  3085.65   687949    232.3    1.0"                              
## [442] "253.50    5476      265.9    0.9     1644      114601    274.5    450.83    49104     206.9    0.7     2822.66   468323    206.5    0.9                                  3086.03   688195    233.0    0.5"                              
## [443] "256.27    5562      265.5    0.8     1651      115118    273.2    452.33    50357     212.3    0.5     2823.11   468810    215.5    2.3                                  3086.73   688652    235.8    1.1"                              
## [444] "259.02    5657      260.7    1.6     1669.2    116501    262.5    452.99    50928     214.3    1.1     2823.76   469470    218.7    0.9                                  3087.08   688881    234.9    1.2"                              
## [445] "260.65    5716      266.7    0.9     1687.2    117750    267.6    453.52    51367     218      0.7     2824.22   469941    229.2    1.4                                  3087.76   689304    235.8    2.0"                              
## [446] "264.50    5855      265.5    0.8     1700.9    118649    273.7    455.16    52618     216.9    0.7     2824.86   470597    232.7    0.7                                  3088.23   689603    239.9    0.6"                              
## [447] "268.37    5998      263.2    0.6     1716      119672    271.9    456.72    53630     211.7    0.7     2825.31   471046    243.7    1.8                                  3088.93   690057    235.6    1.3"                              
## [448] "269.42    6039      262.7    0.9     1726.8    120382    265.2    457.62    54250     210.8    0.7     2826.05   471763    243.9    1.1                                  3089.30   690294    234.8    2.1"                              
## [449] "272.20    6131      261.2    0.7     1736.8    121017    277.6    458.73    55053     208      0.9     2826.42   472095    245.6    0.9                                  3090.05   690771    240.0    2.1"                              
## [450] "276.07    6263      261.1    0.4     1758.2    122344    272.1    459.81    55927     211.5    0.6     2827.53   473102    241.2    1.7                                  3090.42   690999    234.0    0.8"                              
## [451] "278.27    6354      259.4    0.6     1770      123070    276.4    461.92    57477     218.2    0.7     2828.63   474162    233.1    0.6                                  3091.13   691432    235.6    1.0"                              
## [452] "280.53    6434      262.1    0.9     1789.2    124213    268.7    464.13    58891     220.4    0.9     2829.72   475218    232.8    1.1                                  3091.52   691672    236.6    0.7"                              
## [453] "283.72    6545      262.9    0.5     1790      124257    266.6    465.02    59474     215      0.9     2830.82   476240    236.6    1.0                                  3092.16   692057    235.5    0.9"                              
## [454] "285.97    6617      258.1    1.4     1799      124789    266.3    465.74    59955     214.9    0.6     2831.93   477162    239.1    0.9                                  3092.62   692338    235.9    1.4"                              
## [455] "288.17    6713      257.6    0.9     1804      125081    279.7    466.48    60431     212.5    0.7     2832.56   477719    236.5    1.2                                  3093.33   692765    232.9    0.6"                              
## [456] "292.00    6838      262.3    0.9     1807      125262    273.0    467.78    61239     204.6    0.4     2833.02   478124    231.3    1.0                                  3093.70   692990    234.8    1.5"                              
## [457] "294.75    6941      263.0    0.7     1810      125434    277.1    470.18    62751     197.4    0.5     2833.66   478721    220.8    0.7                                  3094.45   693433    234.1    1.5"                              
## [458] "297.52    7028      260.7    0.6     1825.7    126347    273.7    470.92    63205     203.6    1       2834.12   479144    218.8    2.3                                  3094.80   693639    234.1    1.3"                              
## [459] "299.72    7112      258.4    0.8     1830      126598    267.1                                         2835.22   480108    223.8    1.4                                  3095.53   694068    235.4    1.0"                              
## [460] "303.00    7234      260.1    0.6     1836      126886    262.5                                         2836.32   481035    223.4    1.7                                  3095.92   694300    234.4    1.1"                              
## [461] "305.75    7320      260.4    0.4     1841.6    127132    262.6                                         2837.43   481932    227.3    1.3                                  3096.56   694672    235.8    1.3"                              
## [462] "308.52    7413      259.7    0.9     1852.4    127622    275.3                                         2838.53   482803    231.4    1.1                                  3097.02   694941    236.9    0.8"                              
## [463] "311.26    7507      259.2    0.7     1859      127907    275.6                                         2839.62   483649    231.4    1.3                                  3097.74   695383    236.7    1.9"                              
## [464] "314.00    7590      260.8    1.4     1869.3    128344    274.0                                         2840.71   484465    231.2    1.2                                  3098.13   695618    237.6    0.7"                              
## [465] "316.75    7691      259.6    0.5     1870      128372    287.1                                         2841.81   485276    233.0    1.4                                  3098.85   696062    234.6    1.0"                              
## [466] "319.52    7781      259.3    0.9     1875.9    128609    286.8                                         2842.92   486043    232.9    1.2                                  3099.22   696287    234.8    0.6"                              
## [467] "322.27    7876      258.3    1.2     1882.5    128866    282.6                                         2844.02   486816    231.3    1.2                                  3099.93   696717    235.4    0.8"                              
## [468] "325.00    7990      261.3    0.9     1890      129146    264.1                                         2845.11   487541    237.1    1.8                                  3100.32   696963    232.9    0.6"                              
## [469] "326.55    8050      260.7    0.4     1895      129340    263.4                                         2846.22   488268    242.0    0.2                                  3100.92   697331    232.4    0.7"                              
## [470] "330.50    8181      261.8    1       1902      129652    257.9                                         2846.86   488689    240.9    0.4                                  3101.43   697660    232.2    0.5"                              
## [471] "333.27    8281      259.0    1.1     1903.5    129736    259.0                                         2847.33   488996    252.8    2.5                                  3102.13   698120    231.0    1.0"                              
## [472] "336.02    8387      260.9    0.7     1930      131329    245.0                                         2848.05   489475    249.3    2.7                                  3102.52   698386    228.0    0.5"                              
## [473] "338.65    8477      260.4    0.6     1932      131455    240.4                                         2848.42   489722    242.6    0.6                                  3103.25   698880    226.4    1.0"                              
## [474] "341.50    8579      259.3    1       1936      131728    228.9                                         2849.53   490445    243.3    1.3                                  3103.57   699102    227.7    0.7"                              
## [475] "343.72    8653      262.0    0.8     1947      132492    223.5                                         2850.63   491191    246.7    1.6                                  3104.33   699633    227.6    1.6"                              
## [476] "347.02    8784      263.7    1.2     1954.5    133069    223.9                                         2851.72   491959    243.7    1.4                                  3104.71   699909    226.0    0.3"                              
## [477] "349.75    8869      263.8    0.8     1955      133105    220.3                                         2852.82   492738    239.7    1.9                                  3105.36   700389    228.7    1.3"                              
## [478] "352.58    8973      265.2    0.9     1960      133427    210.6                                         2853.91   493507    239.1    1.2                                  3105.82   700744    227.6    1.1"                              
## [479] "355.82    9092      260.6    1.7     1969.8    134123    208.9                                         2855.03   494311    238.3    2.0                                  3106.46   701242    228.2    0.5"                              
## [480] "357.47    9140      260.9    0.6     1972      134287    203.7                                         2856.12   495085    238.5    1.4                                  3106.92   701606    228.8    1.4"                              
## [481] "360.20    9232      263.0    0.4     1980.2    134960    204.5                                         2857.22   495853    237.6    1.6                                  3107.64   702158    229.3    0.5"                              
## [482] "362.98    9317      263.8    1.2     1982      135114    200.4                                         2858.32   496608    236.4    2.1                                  3107.93   702381    230.3    1.7"                              
## [483] "369.55    9536      264.4    0.4     1983      135207    198.0                                         2859.43   497366    236.5    1.7                                  3108.65   702988    232.4    1.3"                              
## [484] "371.23    9597      264.2    0.9     1987.4    135603    198.0                                         2860.51   498104    232.8    0.8                                  3109.12   703384    232.8    1.6"                              
## [485] "375.05    9721      264.0    0.3     1990.6    135883    201.7                                         2861.62   498865    230.6    0.5                                  3109.75   703934    231.2    1.8"                              
## [486] "377.27    9807      263.4    0.1     1992      136011    200.7                                         2862.72   499610    230.8    1.0                                  3110.07   704211    231.2    0.9"                              
## [487] "380.00    9909      265.7    0.5     1994.6    136251    202.4                                         2863.83   500363    228.2    1.7                                  3110.88   704973    233.9    0.8"                              
## [488] "382.22    9983      264.9    0.4     1998      136567    195.8                                         2864.93   501130    230.8    1.4                                  3111.32   705410    228.5    1.5"                              
## [489] "385.13    10088     267.5    0.4     1999      136655    201.1                                         2866.02   501866    231.2    0.8                                  3112.05   706141    228.6    1.0"                              
## [490] "388.23    10209     266.9    0.6     2005.8    137293    194.3                                         2867.13   502625    232.0    1.6                                  3112.31   706409    228.1    1.0"                              
## [491] "390.45    10294     266.0    1.1     2009.5    137633    193.4                                         2868.23   503375    232.2    1.4                                  3115.25   709680    219.7    0.6"                              
## [492] "393.78    10417     265.1    1.6     2013      137982    194.2                                         2869.32   504083    234.1    0.8                                  3115.72   710237    220.2    0.3"                              
## [493] "396.50    10527     267.6    0.7     2015      138185    190.2                                         2870.42   504777    233.9    1.1                                  3116.42   711104    218.9    1.5"                              
## [494] "399.28    10621     264.8    0.6     2025.7    139275    192.3                                         2871.52   505516    235.5    1.8                                  3116.68   711421    218.7    1.4"                              
## [495] "402.00    10744     264.8    0.4     2029      139617    196.5                                         2872.62   506287    236.0    2.1                                  3117.81   712833    218.5    0.5"                              
## [496] "404.19    10805     265.0    0.8     2041      140899    195.6                                         2873.72   507011    238.2    0.9                                  3118.60   713843    222.3    1.6"                              
## [497] "404.78    10827     265.3    0.4     2041.5    140960    196.4                                         2874.82   507714    237.0    0.8                                  3118.95   714288    221.7    2.0"                              
## [498] "406.39    10895     264.4    1.5     2050.3    142058    190.4                                         2875.92   508476    240.3    0.7                                  3119.67   715180    217.7    0.6"                              
## [499] "407.50    10933     264.1    0.7     2077.5    145363    196.9                                         2877.02   509247    233.4    1.0                                  3120.12   715750    222.1    0.6"                              
## [500] "409.70    11014     264.2    1.1     2107.05   148831    203.0                                         2878.12   510008    236.4    1.4                                  3120.85   716704    208.1    0.7"                              
## [501] "411.38    11087     264.5    0.4     2116      149803    191.9                                         2879.22   510765    235.2    0.5                                  3121.13   717065    205.0    1.7"                              
## [502] "413.03    11136     264.0    0.5     2117      149921    188.9                                         2880.32   511515    242.0    0.8                                  3121.86   718064    192.9    1.2"                              
## [503] "414.75    11201     263.0    1.3     2131.1    151423    200.6                                         2881.42   512269    238.2    1.0                                  3122.32   718779    184.3    1.1"                              
## [504] "415.73    11236     265.2    0.8     2157      154480    189.0                                         2882.52   512997    239.2    1.2                                  3122.95   719794    187.8    1.6"                              
## [505] "417.07    11278     258.8    0.7     2164      155395    185.5                                         2883.62   513724    241.5    1.3                                  3123.35   720337    195.2    0.8"                              
## [506] "418.53    11338     260.8    0.5     2167.2    155813    187.5                                         2884.72   514429    243.0    0.5                                  3124.06   721318    206.3    0.8"                              
## [507] "420.49    11392     255.4    0.3     2203      159562    204.3                                         2885.82   515113    247.2    2.2                                  3124.52   722039    211.3    0.9"                              
## [508] "421.80    11436     253.9    0.6     2207.3    159943    196.5                                         2886.92   515771    246.2    2.6                                  3125.27   723133    213.4    1.2"                              
## [509] "422.90    11469     253.8    0.8     2225      161679    191.6                                         2888.02   516417    245.5    1.1                                  3125.53   723464    213.2    1.3"                              
## [510] "426.10    11580     250.7    1.1     2231.05   162228    190.1                                         2889.12   517069    245.3    1.3                                  3126.27   724445    210.3    2.0"                              
## [511] "427.33    11635     249.7    0.4     2240.15   163024    186.7                                         2890.22   517706    247.7    1.4                                  3126.72   725059    206.3    0.7"                              
## [512] "428.30    11676     251.1    0.3     2247      163698    183.8                                         2891.32   518334    245.5    0.8                                  3127.41   725937    206.6    1.8"                              
## [513] "429.50    11727     250.7    0.9     2254.05   164439    196.6                                         2892.42   518965    243.5    0.7                                  3127.73   726322    208.1    1.2"                              
## [514] "431.73    11819     245.3    1.1     2280      167183    197.8                                         2895.71   520892    241.9    1.4                                  3128.45   727192    204.5    0.4"                              
## [515] "433.79    11896     245.3    0.6     2302      169492    197.7                                         2896.82   521552    236.8    0.8                                  3128.91   727732    205.5    1.3"                              
## [516] "435.00    11958     246.6    0.5     2316.05   171351    196.0                                         2897.92   522216    235.8    1.2                                  3129.62   728568    205.1    1.1"                              
## [517] "437.23    12050     243.2    0.4     2325      172434    190.3                                         2899.02   522923    233.7    0.7                                  3129.93   728921    205.4    0.8"                              
## [518] "438.85    12122     240.3    0.3     2331.05   173135    189.4                                         2900.12   523666    230.3    0.8                                  3131.12   730299    204.0    1.6"                              
## [519] "443.80    12371     237.5    0.5     2333      173394    190.1                                         2901.22   524409    227.8    0.6                                  3131.75   730949    204.1    0.8"                              
## [520] "446.03    12496     237.6    0.6     2348      175306    207.7                                         2902.32   525164    224.7    1.9                                  3132.13   731329    204.9    0.8"                              
## [521] "448.75    12642     234.2    0.3     2363      177139    213.2                                         2903.42   525908    222.7    1.0                                  3132.92   732141    203.8    1.0"                              
## [522] "450.98    12760     238.3    1.1     2372      178179    217.7                                         2904.51   526661    221.2    1.2                                  3133.32   732548    205.9    1.7"                              
## [523] "454.25    12942     237.3    0.5     2379.2    179117    198.1                                         2905.62   527454    220.3    0.5                                  3134.02   733261    203.9    0.7"                              
## [524] "457.03    13090     237.9    0.2     2386      180068    199.7                                         2906.72   528262    220.7    0.9                                  3134.33   733543    204.4    0.3"                              
## [525] "459.90    13241     237.6    0.6     2399      182046    203.4                                         2907.36   528747    214.5    0.5                                  3135.06   734223    205.3    0.4"                              
## [526] "463.63    13440     236.4    0.9     2414      184685    210.7                                         2907.82   529101    211.4    2.2                                  3135.52   734604    207.4    1.9"                              
## [527] "465.25    13542     239.2    0.5     2425      186697    231.3                                         2908.48   529640    204.4    0.6                                  3136.19   735167    201.7    1.2"                              
## [528] "467.45    13653     238.6    0.6     2437      188436    231.4                                         2908.92   530016    200.0    0.8                                  3136.53   735459    201.3    0.8"                              
## [529] "470.20    13804     238.6    0.3     2442.05   189076    220.3                                         2909.65   530685    195.1    0.7                                  3137.25   736079    204.1    1.0"                              
## [530] "473.06    13948     239.1    0.4     2451      190352    218.0                                         2910.02   531035    193.8    0.8                                  3137.72   736460    209.7    1.8"                              
## [531] "479.71    14303     228.5    0.6     2470.3    192910    226.5                                         2910.66   531662    190.5    1.7                                  3138.44   737034    208.1    0.7"                              
## [532] "484.10    14550     228.4    0.7     2475      193481    220.0                                         2911.12   532119    199.8    1.2                                  3138.73   737266    211.3    0.8"                              
## [533] "487.25    14725     226.1    0.6     2488.05   195017    226.4                                         2912.22   533246    199.4    0.8                                  3139.46   737889    210.6    1.4"                              
## [534] "490.03    14890     225.2    0.5     2494.1    195673    241.2                                         2913.33   534364    205.0    0.9                                  3139.89   738272    206.5    1.7"                              
## [535] "492.20    15012     224.5    0.6     2499      196179    242.6                                         2914.42   535483    206.4    0.7                                  3140.54   738844    200.3    1.6"                              
## [536] "496.07    15233     222.0    0.8     2525      198972    250.9                                         2915.52   536622    212.9    1.3                                  3140.88   739137    197.8    1.5"                              
## [537] "499.35    15438     221.0    0.8     2533      199918    239.1                                         2916.62   537770    211.2    0.7                                  3141.66   739842    185.0    0.9"                              
## [538] "501.58    15570     220.9    0.5     2543      201163    247.6                                         2917.72   538959    205.0    0.8                                  3142.12   740277    178.9    0.3"                              
## [539] "504.20    15742     219.4    0.6     2552.01   202413    244.4                                         2918.82   540154    203.6    1.2                                  3142.85   741021    178.6    2.4"                              
## [540] "506.53    15886     214.0    0.8     2554.91   202874    231.9                                         2919.92   541345    208.1    0.8                                  3143.13   741307    176.6    2.4"                              
## [541] "509.25    16073     207.5    0.9     2557.71   203317    232.2                                         2921.00   542502    210.3    1.6                                  3143.86   742075    177.9    2.1"                              
## [542] "512.03    16260     207.7    0.5     2560.91   203837    228.6                                         2922.12   543676    209.6    1.6                                  3144.32   742558    182.3    1.3"                              
## [543] "514.75    16452     202.9    0.7     2564.91   204480    226.3                                         2923.22   544804    209.7    0.8                                  3144.98   743233    181.7    2.7"                              
## [544] "517.53    16659     200.8    1       2567.51   204908    229.4                                         2924.32   545956    204.6    1.9                                  3145.32   743589    180.4    0.7"                              
## [545] "520.25    16870     195.2    0.3     2570.41   205362    231.4                                         2925.42   547013    202.5    1.6                                  3146.06   744354    181.2    0.9"                              
## [546] "523.03    17111     193.9    0.5     2574.21   205952    238.1                                         2926.07   547573    208.8    0.7                                  3146.52   744843    182.0    0.9"                              
## [547] "526.30    17375     191.0    0.5     2575.51   206144    237.2                                         2926.52   547972    213.6    0.9                                  3147.48   745836    180.2    1.2"                              
## [548] "528.53    17565     188.5    0.7     2579.91   206810    230.0                                         2927.62   548933    215.2    0.5                                  3148.26   746643    183.1    0.4"                              
## [549] "531.25    17809     188.5    0.7     2581.91   207120    240.5                                         2928.72   549830    219.9    0.5                                  3148.72   747110    180.8    0.3"                              
## [550] "532.93    17943     189.2    0.4     2584.71   207544    242.2                                         2929.82   550637    221.7    1.4                                  3149.35   747759    180.8    1.3"                              
## [551] "536.75    18285     187.0    0.2     2588.81   208064    244.6                                         2930.48   551124    222.3    0.9                                  3149.68   748101    180.4    0.8"                              
## [552] "539.53    18541     188.6    0.5     2590.41   208254    243.9                                         2930.92   551452    226.3    0.9                                  3150.45   748913    181.4    1.3"                              
## [553] "542.90    18828     189.4    0.4     2595.11   208803    247.2                                         2931.65   551979    222.1    1.1                                  3150.91   749401    182.9    1.8"                              
## [554] "543.35    18868     192.3    0.6     2596.71   208995    252.0                                         2932.02   552250    220.3    0.3                                  3151.65   750194    184.8    1.6"                              
## [555] "543.93    18921     188.3    0.6     2600.41   209432    246.9                                         2933.12   552961    223.6    1.1                                  3151.91   750476    184.0    1.4"                              
## [556] "548.85    19347     188.7    0.2     2603.71   209817    239.5                                         2934.22   553626    224.3    2.2                                  3152.65   751301    186.2    1.9"                              
## [557] "550.51    19509     188.8    0.5     2606.61   210154    257.4                                         2935.32   554254    226.7    1.2                                  3153.12   751830    190.1    1.3"                              
## [558] "553.25    19748     190.0    0.8     2612.51   210813    243.4                                         2936.42   554831    233.9    1.5                                  3153.78   752605    188.0    0.3"                              
## [559] "556.03    19988     188.0    0.9     2621.71   211858    251.2                                         2937.52   555345    241.0    1.4                                  3154.10   752978    196.5    1.8"                              
## [560] "557.89    20168     188.2    0.7     2629.41   212716    241.4                                         2938.17   555637    243.0    0.8                                  3154.96   753984    191.5    1.7"                              
## [561] "558.20    20197     195.0    0.7     2634.41   213270    240.3                                         2938.61   555839    249.1    2.1                                  3155.32   754394    195.8    1.5"                              
## [562] "561.53    20502     187.8    0.4     2636.71   213536    242.6                                         2939.27   556143    244.0    1.5                                  3156.08   755241    200.5    2.0"                              
## [563] "564.26    20748     186.9    0.3     2640.41   213984    247.5                                         2939.71   556364    250.5    0.8                                  3156.30   755495    201.9    1.4"                              
## [564] "567.03    21011     186.5    0.3     2644.41   214459    251.7                                         2940.47   556724    245.6    1.3                                  3157.05   756357    206.0    2.2"                              
## [565] "569.75    21257     184.7    1.2     2646.61   214794    251.1                                         2940.82   556889    240.4    0.9                                  3157.52   756871    210.7    2.3"                              
## [566] "572.53    21507     186.1    0.4     2650.41   215382    245.3                                         2941.91   557385    238.1    1.2                                  3158.15   757561    215.0    1.5"                              
## [567] "576.33    21854     185.7    1.3     2656.21   216352    240.5                                         2943.01   557887    234.5    1.0                                  3158.53   757962    219.2    1.4"                              
## [568] "578.11    22015     184.4    0.8     2666.71   218361    214.1                                         2943.66   558183    229.7    0.4                                  3158.80   758259    215.3    0.7"                              
## [569] "                                     2670.41   219116    216.1                                         2944.12   558393    230.2    0.7                                  3159.00   758475    217.6    1.8"                              
## [570] "                                     2674.61   220058    207.1                                         2945.22   558929    230.3    1.5                                  3159.35   758883    217.9    2.3"                              
## [571] "                                     2677.41   220739    208.8                                         2946.32   559461    228.3    0.9                                  3159.72   759306    214.9    1.2"                              
## [572] "                                     2682.61   222030    205.6                                         2947.42   559972    231.6    1.2                                  3160.47   760202    208.8    0.8"                              
## [573] "                                     2691.01   224269    203.3                                         2948.52   560459    231.9    1.2                                  3160.71   760500    206.9    1.1"                              
## [574] "                                     2693.61   224923    215.7                                         2949.62   560930    234.6    1.5                                  3161.46   761453    206.1    1.9"                              
## [575] "                                     2698.01   225909    235.5                                         2950.53   561309    234.1    0.9                                  3161.92   762064    212.0    0.2"                              
## [576] "                                     2701.41   226711    234.5                                         2951.82   561846    240.1    2.1                                  3162.55   762871    216.0    2.1"                              
## [577] "                                     2702.71   227027    233.1                                         2952.92   562272    242.3    0.5                                  3162.91   763319    215.0    0.9"                              
## [578] "                                     2705.61   227776    224.5                                         2954.02   562690    245.7    1.8                                  3163.20   763686    225.7    3.0"                              
## [579] "                                     2711.71   229423    232.4                                         2955.12   563115    245.8    0.5                                  3163.40   763934    221.4    2.7"                              
## [580] "                                     2715.41   230422    233.9                                         2956.22   563517    247.6    1.5                                  3163.65   764249    224.1    1.4"                              
## [581] "                                     2717.71   231066    241.6                                         2957.32   563918    251.4    1.7                                  3164.12   764833    222.6    0.9"                              
## [582] "                                     2732.71   234817    245.2                                         2958.42   564311    252.4    1.7                                  3164.84   765735    216.8    1.6"                              
## [583] "                                     2735.71   235480    252.1                                         2959.52   564699    252.6    1.0                                  3165.13   766110    215.7    0.5"                              
## [584] "                                     2738.71   236114    241.4                                         2960.62   565077    251.4    0.7                                  3165.86   767096    213.5    0.4"                              
## [585] "                                     2741.71   236734    247.4                                         2961.72   565466    253.7    0.8                                  3166.32   767737    217.7    0.9"                              
## [586] "                                     2744.61   237294    243.1                                         2962.82   565851    254.3    1.6                                  3166.97   768655    222.4    2.1"                              
## [587] "                                     2747.61   237868    239.1                                         2963.92   566233    253.9    0.7                                  3167.26   769050    221.4    1.8"                              
## [588] "                                     2751.11   238558    245.6                                         2965.01   566619    254.5    1.6                                  3167.60   769514    228.1    1.6"                              
## [589] "                                     2753.61   239013    245.8                                         2966.12   567007    253.2    0.9                                  3167.80   769787    226.0    1.6"                              
## [590] "                                     2756.21   239477    247.4                                         2967.19   567381    253.9    1.2                                  3168.05   770133    231.5    1.9"                              
## [591] "                                     2759.11   239973    252.8                                         2968.32   567777    252.8    1.1                                  3168.29   770447    235.6    1.1"                              
## [592] "                                     2765.21   240945    259.7                                         2969.42   568167    253.0    0.6                                  3168.50   770724    238.2    2.2"                              
## [593] "                                     2768.2    241366    263.2                                         2970.52   568556    250.2    0.4                                  3168.70   770994    235.6    2.1"                              
## [594] "                                     2773.51   242007    279.0                                         2971.62   568946    251.3    1.3                                  3168.90   771260    237.7    2.4"                              
## [595] "                                     2776.51   242346    280.2                                         2972.71   569331    250.0    1.3                                  3169.24   771708    229.5    1.5"                              
## [596] "                                     2782.71   243071    263.7                                         2973.82   569728    251.3    1.3                                  3169.53   772076    230.9    1.0"                              
## [597] "                                     2785.51   243429    252.3                                         2974.92   570139    251.8    1.2                                  3170.25   773043    230.0    2.3"                              
## [598] "                                     2788.51   243856    249.9                                         2976.02   570548    251.8    1.3                                  3170.72   773680    233.3    0.9"                              
## [599] "                                     2791.5    244347    236.7                                         2977.12   570955    249.6    0.5                                  3171.35   774548    236.9    0.4"                              
## [600] "                                     2794.51   244864    230.4                                         2978.22   571367    251.6    1.7                                  3171.73   775051    240.5    0.6"                              
## [601] "                                     2797.51   245441    219.4                                         2979.32   571775    250.3    1.0                                  3172.46   776037    238.8    2.0"                              
## [602] "                                     2806.51   247681    214.7                                         2980.41   572190    246.3    1.1                                  3172.92   776636    243.9    0.7"                              
## [603] "                                     2815.61   250133    200.2                                         2981.52   572619    247.7    0.7                                  3173.65   777556    246.3    0.5"                              
## [604] "                                     2818.61   251005    213.9                                         2982.62   573037    249.2    1.1                                  3173.93   777900    246.1    1.1"                              
## [605] "                                     2821.51   251864    195.4                                         2983.72   573462    248.7    0.4                                  3174.65   778798    245.8    2.4"                              
## [606] "                                     2824.51   252739    196.7                                         2984.82   573902    251.8    1.8                                  3175.11   779364    243.9    0.9"                              
## [607] "                                     2827.51   253636    195.4                                         2985.92   574353    251.9    0.7                                  3175.84   780268    248.5    0.6"                              
## [608] "                                     2833.81   255498    199.0                                         2987.02   574803    252.1    1.3                                  3176.13   780612    242.8    0.7"                              
## [609] "                                     2836.51   256309    201.9                                         2988.12   575265    248.9    1.0                                  3176.89   781535    248.7    0.7"                              
## [610] "                                     2839.51   257100    204.0                                         2989.22   575730    252.5    0.5                                  3177.32   782059    246.2    1.1"                              
## [611] "                                     2845.51   258661    203.9                                         2990.32   576222    252.9    1.1                                  3178.31   783263    252.1    2.5"                              
## [612] "                                     2851.51   260353    209.6                                         2991.42   576723    251.3    1.1                                  3179.05   784147    246.9    0.7"                              
## [613] "                                     2853.51   260916    205.7                                         2992.52   577242    251.3    1.1                                  3179.52   784692    250.7    0.2"                              
## [614] "                                     2857.51   262092    208.9                                         2993.62   577769    251.1    0.6                                  3180.15   785413    253.3    2.6"                              
## [615] "                                     2860.51   262930    214.6                                         2994.72   578305    249.1    0.5                                  3180.51   785789    255.4    1.4"                              
## [616] "                                     2866.51   264509    228.1                                         2995.82   578857    252.9    1.1                                  3181.26   786587    260.3    1.3"                              
## [617] "                                     2870.51   265653    199.9                                         2996.92   579435    251.5    1.8                                  3181.73   787076    256.9    0.7"                              
## [618] "                                     2872.71   266326    211.7                                         2997.65   579821    244.1    1.7                                  3182.43   787805    248.1    1.5"                              
## [619] "                                     2876.21   267442    188.7                                         2998.02   580019    243.8    0.9                                  3182.65   788033    247.9    2.7"                              
## [620] "                                     2878.5    268181    187.2                                         2998.66   580400    236.2    0.3                                  3183.46   788887    229.5    0.8"                              
## [621] "                                     2881.42   269154    194.2                                         2999.12   580695    230.3    0.6                                  3183.91   789381    226.3    3.0"                              
## [622] "                                     2884.51   270222    198.8                                         2999.76   581160    225.2    1.6                                  3184.57   790153    218.2    0.8"                              
## [623] "                                     2887.51   271256    184.7                                         3000.22   581507    219.4    0.8                                  3184.90   790538    221.3    1.8"                              
## [624] "                                     2890.51   272311    190.4                                         3000.86   582000    215.4    1.1                                  3185.66   791491    215.4    3.7"                              
## [625] "                                     2893.51   273310    193.9                                         3001.32   582391    209.9    1.2                                  3186.12   792081    205.1    2.5"                              
## [626] "                                     2896.51   274321    194.1                                         3002.05   583034    206.7    0.5                                  3186.75   792943    204.0    1.6"                              
## [627] "                                     2899.51   275350    198.4                                         3002.42   583413    210.6    0.6                                  3186.98   793260    209.0    1.9"                              
## [628] "                                     2902.51   276326    193.2                                         3005.26   586406    224.0    0.9                                  3187.87   794608    199.4    1.7"                              
## [629] "                                     2905.51   277361    202.2                                         3005.72   586893    226.0    1.4                                  3188.23   795202    195.2    2.0"                              
## [630] "                                     2908.51   278350    204.5                                         3006.45   587647    234.4    0.5                                  3188.98   796467    189.3    2.1"                              
## [631] "                                     2911.46   279320    211.0                                         3006.82   588034    238.8    1.0                                  3189.33   797099    188.4    1.4"                              
## [632] "                                     2914.51   280269    215.3                                         3007.46   588716    246.3    1.8                                  3190.08   798512    191.0    2.2"                              
## [633] "                                     2919.41   281758    223.7                                         3007.92   589224    250.2    0.4"                                                                                                
## [634] "                                     2926.51   283785    231.3                                         3008.56   589868    248.1    0.6"                                                                                                
## [635] "                                     2932.51   285380    228.0                                         3009.02   590335    243.6    0.8"                                                                                                
## [636] "                                     2935.51   286128    226.4                                         3009.57   590893    237.4    0.8"                                                                                                
## [637] "                                     2939.31   287036    231.4                                         3010.85   592279    225.7    1.1"                                                                                                
## [638] "                                     2941.51   287538    230.4                                         3011.22   592697    229.4    1.3"                                                                                                
## [639] "                                     2944.51   288233    231.0                                         3011.87   593415    233.2    0.3"                                                                                                
## [640] "                                     2953.5    290153    234.9                                         3012.28   593870    238.1    0.9"                                                                                                
## [641] "                                     2956.51   290730    220.4                                         3012.96   594639    238.0    1.1"                                                                                                
## [642] "                                     2959.51   291367    217.1                                         3013.42   595189    232.9    0.6"                                                                                                
## [643] "                                     2964.51   292405    207.6                                         3014.06   595950    221.2    1.8"                                                                                                
## [644] "                                     2967.51   293057    206.0                                         3014.52   596515    216.4    0.9"                                                                                                
## [645] "                                     2970.51   293779    206.7                                         3015.25   597443    216.3    1.5"                                                                                                
## [646] "                                     2973.81   294568    212.7                                         3015.62   597966    219.0    1.0"                                                                                                
## [647] "                                     2979.51   295930    213.1                                         3016.26   598833    226.0    1.1"                                                                                                
## [648] "                                     2986.01   297921    217.1                                         3016.72   599434    229.4    1.4"                                                                                                
## [649] "                                     2988.61   298741    224.4                                         3017.82   600882    232.5    1.3"                                                                                                
## [650] "                                     2991.51   299621    231.0                                         3018.92   602278    237.9    0.8"                                                                                                
## [651] "                                     2994.51   300472    236.1                                         3020.02   603673    239.1    1.1"                                                                                                
## [652] "                                     2997.51   301402    239.0                                         3021.12   605076    244.5    0.7"                                                                                                
## [653] "                                     3000.4    302280    236.0                                         3022.19   606374    248.5    1.7"                                                                                                
## [654] "                                     3003.51   303226    240.2                                         3023.32   607708    254.6    1.2"                                                                                                
## [655] "                                     3007.01   304232    240.7                                         3024.42   608929    259.2    1.8"                                                                                                
## [656] "                                     3009.51   304901    250.2                                         3025.52   610136    257.7    0.5"                                                                                                
## [657] "                                     3012.51   305655    248.6                                         3026.62   611319    259.6    1.2"                                                                                                
## [658] "                                     3015.51   306547    244.8                                         3027.72   612514    258.0    1.4"                                                                                                
## [659] "                                     3018.51   307495    225.8                                         3028.82   613709    256.0    0.4"                                                                                                
## [660] "                                     3022.71   308744    227.8                                         3029.92   614923    252.5    1.1"                                                                                                
## [661] "                                     3024.91   309389    226.2                                         3031.02   616227    252.4    0.9"                                                                                                
## [662] "                                     3027.51   310168    233.2                                         3032.09   617544    252.3    1.1"                                                                                                
## [663] "                                     3030.41   311013    237.8                                         3033.22   618955    247.9    1.0"                                                                                                
## [664] "                                     3033.51   311868    239.0                                         3034.32   620338    245.4    0.3"                                                                                                
## [665] "                                     3036.51   312676    241.9                                         3035.42   621760    243.0    0.8"                                                                                                
## [666] "                                     3039.51   313414    251.6                                         3036.52   623214    238.6    0.8"                                                                                                
## [667] "                                     3042.51   314144    256.7                                         3037.62   624690    237.3    1.0"                                                                                                
## [668] "                                     3045.51   314867    257.1                                         3038.26   625570    234.3    0.3"                                                                                                
## [669] "                                     3048.56   315572    246.8                                         3038.72   626215    227.8    0.9"                                                                                                
## [670] "                                     3051.51   316200    272.6                                         3039.36   627211    214.9    0.5"                                                                                                
## [671] "                                     3054.51   316897    251.6                                         3039.82   627999    205.0    0.9"                                                                                                
## [672] "                                     3057.71   317734    245.2                                         3040.53   629446    198.7    0.8"                                                                                                
## [673] "                                     3060.51   318559    233.4                                         3040.92   630295    199.9    0.5"                                                                                                
## [674] "                                     3063.51   319480    255.8                                         3041.65   632001    199.5    1.8"                                                                                                
## [675] "                                     3066.51   320358    249.2                                         3042.01   632856    195.6    1.5"                                                                                                
## [676] "                                     3072.51   322015    257.2                                         3042.74   634592    192.1    1.6"                                                                                                
## [677] "                                     3075.41   322767    260.4                                         3043.12   635489    193.9    1.8"                                                                                                
## [678] "                                     3078.51   323526    260.3                                         3043.74   636957    193.0    0.7"                                                                                                
## [679] "                                     3081.6    324280    260.5                                         3044.22   638127    194.3    1.9"                                                                                                
## [680] "                                     3084.51   324971    266.2                                         3044.93   639848    187.7    1.0"                                                                                                
## [681] "                                     3087.81   325720    264.0                                         3045.32   640760    189.1    0.5"                                                                                                
## [682] "                                     3090.51   326321    266.1                                         3046.05   642405    190.2    1.0"                                                                                                
## [683] "                                     3093.51   326972    270.1                                         3046.42   643204    190.4    1.1"                                                                                                
## [684] "                                     3096.46   327590    271.9                                         3047.12   644662    194.1    1.3"                                                                                                
## [685] "                                     3099.51   328221    275.1                                         3047.52   645470    194.6    0.9"                                                                                                
## [686] "                                     3105.51   329475    265.0                                         3048.16   646723    188.6    2.0"                                                                                                
## [687] "                                     3109.01   330208    271.7                                         3048.62   647588    190.5    1.0"                                                                                                
## [688] "                                     3111.51   330740    272.6                                         3049.36   648946    192.1    0.7"                                                                                                
## [689] "                                     3114.81   331438    273.1                                         3049.72   649598    194.8    0.4"                                                                                                
## [690] "                                     3117.51   331944    282.4                                         3050.45   650891    187.8    1.2"                                                                                                
## [691] "                                     3119.51   332285    289.1                                         3050.82   651556    192.0    0.7"                                                                                                
## [692] "                                     3120.61   332462    288.4                                         3051.55   652802    185.8    0.5"                                                                                                
## [693] "                                     3123.51   332919    298.6                                         3051.92   653448    185.3    1.0"                                                                                                
## [694] "                                     3126.51   333380    278.1                                         3052.56   654473    191.3    1.8"                                                                                                
## [695] "                                     3129.91   333890    285.8                                         3053.02   655202    193.2    1.0"                                                                                                
## [696] "                                     3132.41   334261    278.6                                         3053.73   656286    198.4    0.5"                                                                                                
## [697] "                                     3135.51   334748    270.5                                         3054.12   656882    198.7    0.7"                                                                                                
## [698] "                                     3138.51   335287    255.7                                         3054.85   657923    191.3    0.6"                                                                                                
## [699] "                                     3141.51   335918    241.9                                         3055.22   658474    189.2    0.9"                                                                                                
## [700] "                                     3145.01   336725    239.6                                         3055.93   659524    182.4    0.3"                                                                                                
## [701] "                                     3147.51   337391    234.2                                         3056.32   660084    183.9    0.4"                                                                                                
## [702] "                                     3153.51   339298    250.1                                         3056.96   660981    186.6    1.0"                                                                                                
## [703] "                                     3156.51   340456    200.7                                         3057.42   661650    189.8    0.8"                                                                                                
## [704] "                                     3159.51   341802    205.2                                         3058.13   662669    187.8    1.5"                                                                                                
## [705] "                                     3162.81   343282    204.8                                         3058.52   663206    189.0    1.0"                                                                                                
## [706] "                                     3165.51   344446    211.9                                         3059.25   664192    189.1    1.2"                                                                                                
## [707] "                                     3169.01   345980    220.3                                         3059.61   664690    185.8    0.8"                                                                                                
## [708] "                                     3174.51   348298    221.1"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [709] "                                     3177.81   349688    216.2"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [710] "                                     3180.51   350925    209.4"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [711] "                                     3183.41   352275    209.2"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [712] "                                     3189.51   355302    193.0"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [713] "                                     3192.51   356898    186.1"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [714] "                                     3195.81   358712    185.8"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [715] "                                     3200.01   360957    201.2"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [716] "                                     3204.71   363385    206.3"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [717] "                                     3210.51   366235    201.9"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [718] "                                     3213.71   367856    199.9"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [719] "                                     3216.45   369446    214.7"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [720] "                                     3219.51   371090    224.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [721] "                                     3222.51   372646    229.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [722] "                                     3228.91   376568    227.0"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [723] "                                     3231.51   378096    240.0"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [724] "                                     3234.51   379696    239.1"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [725] "                                     3237.51   381132    246.8"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [726] "                                     3240.51   382670    245.8"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [727] "                                     3246.41   384534    258.1"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [728] "                                     3249.51   385398    264.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [729] "                                     3252.45   386144    259.2"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [730] "                                     3258.51   388062    255.2"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [731] "                                     3261.51   389946    250.1"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [732] "                                     3264.51   391896    266.3"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [733] "                                     3267.51   393591    274.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [734] "                                     3270.6    395116    277.1"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [735] "                                     3273.81   396636    278.0"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [736] "                                     3276.51   397911    288.9"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [737] "                                     3283.51   401109    279.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [738] "                                     3287.41   402769    281.2"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [739] "                                     3289.45   403609    283.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [740] "                                     3292.91   404968    276.2"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [741] "                                     3299.01   407442    285.5"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [742] "                                     3301.4    408475    286.9"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [743] "                                     3304.41   409750    277.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [744] "                                     3310.71   412453    274.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [745] "                                     3316.46   415167    275.7"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [746] "                                     3319.44   416545    279.9"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [747] "                                     3322.39   417391    278.0"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [748] "                                     3325.39   417923    276.3"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [749] "                                     3328.19   418544    276.5"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [750] "                                     3331.39   419934    266.6"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [751] "                                     3334.39   421443    274.0"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [752] "                                     3336.99   423207    273.2"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [753] "                                     3340.39   428394    229.7"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [754] "                                     3343.39   433925    199.0"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [755] "                                     3346.51   437580    201.5"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [756] "                                     3346.56   437601    207.8"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [757] "                                     3349.51   438986    205.9"                                                                                                                                                                         
## [758] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [759] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [760] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [761] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [762] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [763] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [764] "3. Composite CO2 record (0-800 kyr BP)"                                                                                                                                                                                                 
## [765] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [766] "0-22    kyr Dome C (Monnin et al. 2001) measured at University of Bern"                                                                                                                                                                 
## [767] "22-393  kyr Vostok (Petit et al. 1999; Pepin et al. 2001; Raynaud et al. 2005) measured at LGGE in Grenoble"                                                                                                                            
## [768] "393-416 kyr Dome C (Siegenthaler et al. 2005) measured at LGGE in Grenoble"                                                                                                                                                             
## [769] "416-664 kyr Dome C (Siegenthaler et al. 2005)  measured at University of Bern"                                                                                                                                                          
## [770] "664-800 kyr Dome C (Luethi et al. (sub)) measured at University of Bern"                                                                                                                                                                
## [771] "Timescale EDC3_gas_a"                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
## [772] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [773] ""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [774] "Age(yrBP)    CO2(ppmv)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
## [775] "137           280.4"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [776] "268           274.9"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [777] "279           277.9"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [778] "395           279.1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [779] "404           281.9"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [780] "485           277.7"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [781] "559           281.1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [782] "672           282.2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [783] "754           280.1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [784] "877           278.4"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [785] "950           276.6"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [786] "1060          279.1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [787] "1153          277.7"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [788] "1233          278.7"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [789] "1350          277.4"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [790] "1453          279.2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [791] "1552            280"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [792] "1638          278.9"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [793] "1733          278.7"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [794] "1812            278"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [795] "1931          276.9"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [796] "2057          276.7"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [797] "2128          276.7"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [798] "2212          277.6"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [799] "2334          277.9"                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
## [800] "2433          273.9"
df21 <- read_table(here("data","luthi_carbon_dioxide.txt"), skip = 773)          #import the data, skip the first 773 lines and save it with the name df21
## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   `Age(yrBP)` = col_double(),
##   `CO2(ppmv)` = col_double()
## )
df21
historic_co2 <- df21 %>%      #save the tibble with the name historic_co2 
  select(c(1,2))%>%           #select the first and the second columns
  rename(yrbp = 1) %>%        #rename column 1 as yrbp
  rename(co2 = 2)             #rename column 2 as co2

#Question 2b


historic_co2_new <- historic_co2 %>%   #save the tibble with the name historic_co2_new 
  select(c(1,2))%>%                    #select the first 2 columns
  rename(yrbp = 1) %>%                 #rename column 1 as co2
  rename(co2 = 2) %>%                  #rename column 2 as co2
  mutate(yrbp = yrbp + 13)             #create a new column named yrbp and add 13


nasa_co2_new <- nasa_co2 %>%                            #save the tibble with the name nasa_co2_new 
  mutate(date = format(date, format = "%Y")) %>%        #create a column date that shows only the year
  group_by(date)%>%                                     #group data by date
  summarise(co2 = mean(co2))%>%                         #summarise the mean of co2
  mutate(yrbp = 2021 - as.integer(date)) %>%            #create column with the name yrbp 
  select(c(yrbp,co2))
  



a <- bind_rows(nasa_co2_new, historic_co2_new)     #bind the rows of the two tibble
a

    ```




  
#Question 2c
## Error: attempt to use zero-length variable name
df2c <- read_csv(here("data_cleaned","combined_co2.csv"))       #import the data
## Rows: 1160 Columns: 2
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ","
## dbl (2): yrbp, co2
## 
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
df2c
 m  <- ggplot() +  geom_line(       #create a line plot
            data = df2c,            #use the data df2c
            size = 1,               #size of the line
            mapping = aes(x = yrbp, y = co2),     #define the axes
            stat = "identity",                    #no further transformation
            position = "identity") + theme_classic() +  #position adjustment
            labs (
                   x = "Years before present",    #name the axis X
                   y = "Carbon dioxide [ppm]") +  #name the axis Y
            scale_x_continuous(trans = "reverse",limits = c(800000,0), labels = scales::comma) #reverse the plot and use limits starting from 800000 to 0.
            


 
m_point <-  annotate(
            geom = "point",   #create a point
            colour = "red",   #the colour is red
            shape = 21,       
            size = 1.5,
            stroke = 1.3)     #size and shape of the point
 
 
 
m_curve <- annotate( geom ="curve",   #uses a curve
               x = 100000, 
               y = 371.3192,         #the position of the text
               xend = 0,             #where the arrow points
               yend = 415.6983 +1 ,  #where the arrow starts
               curvature = - 0.5,    #how much curve is the line of arrow
               arrow = arrow(type = "closed", length = unit(2.5, "mm")), #type and length of arrow
               alpha = 0.8,                  
               colour = "red")        #the colour of the arrow
 
 
m_text <- annotate("text",      
              x = 220000, 
              y = 360.3075, 
              label = "2021 average: \n 417 ppm", #write a text name
              hjust = 0.10, vjust = -0.1,    
              lineheight = 0.8,
              colour = "red")        #the colour of the text
            

m + m_point + m_curve + m_text

#Question 3a

df3a <- read_xlsx(here("data","nsidc_sea_ice_daily_extent.xlsx"))   #import the data
## New names:
## * `` -> ...1
## * `` -> ...2
## * `` -> ...47
df3a
sea_ice_1 <- df3a %>%       #save the tibble with the name sea+ice_
  fill(...1) %>%            #fill values
  select(names(df3a[1:46])) %>%   #select columns from 1 to 46
  pivot_longer(             
    cols = names(df3a)[3:46],  
    names_to = c("year")) %>% #make the data set longer and collapse it into new column value 
  rename(month = ...1, day = ...2,  extent = value)%>% #rename columns
  mutate(year = as.integer(year)) %>% #convert year as integer
  mutate(day = as.integer(day)) %>%   #convert day as integer
  mutate(month = match(month, month.name)) #convert month as a number

sea_ice_1

#Question 3b

baseline_1979 <- sea_ice_1 %>%   #save tibble in baseline_1979
  filter(year == 1979) %>%       #choose the year 1979
  group_by(month) %>%            #group by month
  summarise(baseline_mean = mean(extent, na.rm=TRUE))  #summarise the mean of baseline and remove missing values

baseline_1979
sea_ice_2 <- sea_ice_1 %>%    #save tibble in sea_ice_2
  group_by(year, month) %>%   #group by year and month
  summarise(mmean = mean(extent, na.rm=TRUE))%>%   #summarise the mean of extent and remove missing value
  full_join(baseline_1979) %>%    #merge the data setw of baseline_1979
  mutate(proportion_baseline_extent = mmean / baseline_mean)%>%      #create a column with the averages 
  select(c(year, month, proportion_baseline_extent))   #select this columns
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'year'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
## Joining, by = "month"
sea_ice_2

#Question 3c

sea_ice_plot <- sea_ice_2 %>%     #save the tibble with the name sea_ice_plot
  filter(year != 1978 & year != 2021) %>% #pick rows with of all values except 1978 and 2021
  mutate(Month = month.name[month]) #convert month to a number

p <- ggplot(sea_ice_plot, mapping = aes(x = year, y = Month)) #create a plot and define the axis



p +scale_y_discrete(limits = month.name)+    #sort axes y by month
  
  labs(
  title = "Sea ice (northern hemisphere)"   #add title
  ) +
  geom_tile(aes(fill = proportion_baseline_extent)) +  #build the shape
  theme(
    plot.title = element_text( 
      hjust = 0.5)  #align the title
    ) +
  theme_minimal() + #no background annotations
  theme_classic() + scale_fill_distiller(palette = "RdPu", name = "Proportion of 1979 extent") + scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0)) #use the colour and remove the blank space 

#Question 4a

stop_search_1 <- read_csv(file = here("data","stop_and_search.csv"))   #import the data        
## New names:
## * `` -> ...14
## Rows: 16444 Columns: 14
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (13): Measure, Time, Time_type, Ethnicity, Ethnicity_type, Legislation_t...
## dbl  (1): ...14
## 
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
stop_search_1
stop_search_1 %>% 
  rename(stops = "Number of stop and searches") %>%       #rename the column to stops
  rename(year = Time) %>%                                 #rename the column to year
  rename(population = "Population by ethnicity") %>%      #rename the column to population
  rename(rate = "Rate per 1,000 population by ethnicity")%>%    #rename the column to rate
  select(c(year,Ethnicity,Legislation_type,Geography,stops,population,rate)) %>% #select the columns
    filter (Ethnicity  %in%  c ( "All", "Asian", "Black", "White", "Other" )) %>% #select the rows with the ethicities in the brakets
  mutate(stops = as.double(stops)) %>%             #convert stops as double
  mutate(population = as.double(population)) %>%   #convert population as double
  mutate(rate = as.double(rate))                   #convert rate as double           
## Warning in mask$eval_all_mutate(quo): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in mask$eval_all_mutate(quo): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in mask$eval_all_mutate(quo): NAs introduced by coercion

Question 4c

First Question

How many stops have been made over the years to each ethnicity across UK? Operationalisation -> We compare the number of stops of all ethnicities using the geography and based on the years we have on the data.

d1 <- read_csv(file = here("data_cleaned","stop_search_2.csv")) 
## Rows: 2924 Columns: 9
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (4): year, ethnicity, legislation_type, geography
## dbl (5): stops, population, rate, rate_white, relative_disparity
## 
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
q13 <- d1 %>%                                           #save the tibble to the name q13
  select(c(ethnicity, stops, year, geography)) %>%      #select the columns
  filter(geography =="All - including BTP") %>%         #select the rows which include "All - including BTP"
  mutate(year = substr(year, 1, 4))%>%                  #show only 4 numbers of year
  group_by(ethnicity)                                   #group by ethnicity
  

pi <- ggplot(q13, mapping = aes(x = factor(year), y = stops))  #create a plot and define axes
pi + geom_point(mapping = aes(colour = ethnicity)) +           #create a plot with points and with colour
  labs(title = "Stops and Search in Ethnicities in the UK",    #add title and name axes
       x = "Years", y = "Stops")+
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 1500000), labels = scales::comma)  #put limis and change the type that it shows

Question 4c

Second Question

Are the stops by the British transport police more common in London than elsewhere in the UK? Operationalisation -> We compare the number of stops in London with the number of stops anywhere else in the UK

d1 <- read_csv(file = here("data_cleaned","stop_search_2.csv")) 
## Rows: 2924 Columns: 9
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (4): year, ethnicity, legislation_type, geography
## dbl (5): stops, population, rate, rate_white, relative_disparity
## 
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
q23 <- d1 %>%                                 #save the tibble with tha name g23
  select(c(stops, year, geography)) %>%       #select the columns
  filter(geography =="London, City of") %>%   #select the rows which include "London, City of"
  mutate(year = substr(year, 1, 4))%>%        #show only 4 numbers of year
  group_by(geography =="London, City of")     #group by geography =="London, City of"
  

pa <- ggplot(q23, mapping = aes(x = factor(year), y = stops))    #create a plot and define axes
pa + geom_line(mapping = aes(colour = geography), size = 5) +    #map with color and increase the size
  labs(title = "Stops and Search in London",                     #add title and name the axes
       x = "Years", y = "Stops")

Question 4c

Third Question

Over the last decade, have the stops of black people been increased more than the white people? Operationalisation -> We compare the number of stops of black and white people in the last 10 years.

d1 <- read_csv(file = here("data_cleaned","stop_search_2.csv")) 
## Rows: 2924 Columns: 9
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (4): year, ethnicity, legislation_type, geography
## dbl (5): stops, population, rate, rate_white, relative_disparity
## 
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
q33 <- d1 %>%                                      #save the tibble with tha name g23
  select(c(stops, year, ethnicity)) %>%            #select the columns
  filter(ethnicity == c("White", "Black"))%>%      #select the rows which include White and Black
  mutate(year = substr(year, 1, 4))%>%             #show only 4 numbers of year
  filter(year >= "2009" & year<= "2019") %>%       #select only the years from 2009 - 2019
  group_by(ethnicity == c("White", "Black"))       #group by ethnicity

 
  
  

po <- ggplot(q33, mapping = aes(x = factor(year), y = stops))              #create a plot and define axes
po + geom_point(mapping = aes(colour= ethnicity))  +                       #map with color
  labs(title = "Stops of White and Black people over the past 10 years",   #add title and name the axes
       x = "Years", y = "Stops") +
   scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 1500000), labels = scales::comma)      #put limis and change the type that it shows

#Question 4d

1st Answer

As the figure shows, the number of stops and search decreased until 2017 and then it started to increase again in all ethnicities.

2st Answer

As the figure shows, the number of stops and searches dramatically decrease from 2007 until 2017 whereas there is a small increase in years 2018 and 2019.

3rd Answer

The stops and search of white people seems to be dropped down in oppose to black people which seems to slighly decreased.